ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2010
UV radiation suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis independent of vitamin D production.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Tissue context as a determinant of trained innate immunity: a conserved molecular toolkit with divergent functional outputs.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Review
- Ultraviolet radiation and neurodegeneration: molecular mechanisms underlying dual neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Review
- AhR signaling in skin-resident CD207Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Illuminating the Connection: Cutaneous Vitamin DNutrients · 2025Review
- Advanced and Metastatic Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Clinical Features, and Treatment Options.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Association between sun exposure habits and disease progression in multiple sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in the context of Epstein-Barr virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Association of Latitude and Exposure to Ultraviolet B Radiation With Severity of Multiple Sclerosis: An International Registry Study.Neurology · 2022Observational
- Effect of Seasonal Variation on Relapse Rate in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Preventing Multiple Sclerosis: The Pediatric Perspective.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Season of birth is associated with multiple sclerosis and disease severity.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical · 2021Article
- Sunlight exposure exerts immunomodulatory effects to reduce multiple sclerosis severity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Low sun exposure increases multiple sclerosis risk both directly and indirectly.Journal of neurology · 2020Article
- A Brief Review of the Effects of Vitamin D on Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- UV light suppression of EAE (a mouse model of multiple sclerosis) is independent of vitamin D and its receptor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Shedding light on the link between early life sun exposure and risk of multiple sclerosis: results from the EnvIMS Study.International journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Lifetime exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the risk of multiple sclerosis in the US radiologic technologists cohort study.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2019Article
- Endocrine aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling is induced by moderate cutaneous exposure to ultraviolet light.Scientific reports · 2019Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the exact cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown, a number of genetic and environmental factors are thought to influence MS susceptibility. One potential environmental factor is sunlight and the subsequent production of vitamin D. A number of studies have correlated decreased exposure to UV radiation (UVR) and low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) [25(OH)D(3)] levels with an increased risk for developing MS. Furthermore, both UVR and the active form of vitamin D, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), suppress disease in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model of MS. These observations led to the hypothesis that UVR likely suppresses disease through the increased production of vitamin D. However, UVR can suppress the immune system independent of vitamin D. Therefore, it is unclear whether UVR, vitamin D, or both are necessary for the putative decrease in MS susceptibility. We have probed the ability of UVR to suppress disease in the EAE model of MS and assessed the effect of UVR on serum 25(OH)D(3) and calcium levels. Our results indicate that continuous treatment with UVR dramatically suppresses clinical signs of EAE. Interestingly, disease suppression occurs with only a modest, transient increase in serum 25(OH)D(3) levels. Further analysis demonstrated that the levels of 25(OH)D(3) obtained upon UVR treatment were insufficient to suppress EAE independent of UVR treatment. These results suggest that UVR is likely suppressing disease independent of vitamin D production, and that vitamin D supplementation alone may not replace the ability of sunlight to reduce MS susceptibility.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.