Trial reportNeuro-oncology2010
Intracerebral administration of CpG oligonucleotide for patients with recurrent glioblastoma: a phase II study.
Trial report in Neuro-oncology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 203 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of immunotherapy in high-grade glioma: learning from the past to shape future perspectives.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of innate and adaptive immunotherapy combined with standard of care in high-grade gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Progression-free survival as a surrogate endpoint for overall survival in glioblastoma: a literature-based meta-analysis from 91 trials.Neuro-oncology · 2014Pooled it
- Ameliorating Active Ulcerative Colitis via an Orally Available Toll-Like Receptor-9 Modifier: A Prospective Open-Label, Multicenter Phase II Trial.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2016Trial
- Bridging the blood-brain barrier: strategies to improve delivery of biologics to tumors in the brain.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Glioblastoma Immunotherapy Adjuvants for Glial Cell Polarization Regulation.Experimental neurobiology · 2025Review
- Beyond borders: engineering organ-targeted immunotherapies to overcome site-specific barriers in cancer.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Role of the TLR signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme with an emphasis on immunotherapy.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- [Non-targeted Metabolomics-based Exploration of Radiation-induced Metabolic Alterations in Mouse Lung Epithelial Cells].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2024Article
- Alternative Strategies for Delivering Immunotherapeutics Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint in Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- A Review of Therapeutic Agents Given by Convection-Enhanced Delivery for Adult Glioblastoma.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Harnessing innate immune pathways for therapeutic advancement in cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Adjuvant convection-enhanced delivery for the treatment of brain tumors.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Review
- Drug-Loaded Lipid Magnetic Nanoparticles for Combined Local Hyperthermia and Chemotherapy against Glioblastoma Multiforme.ACS nano · 2023Article
- TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes?Cells · 2022Review
- Targeting toll-like receptor 7/8 for immunotherapy: recent advances and prospectives.Biomarker research · 2022Review
- Polymer nanocarriers for targeted local delivery of agents in treating brain tumors.Nanotechnology · 2022Review
- Synthetic Melanin Acts as Efficient Peptide Carrier in Cancer Vaccine Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Advances in local therapy for glioblastoma - taking the fight to the tumour.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2022Review
- Glioma-targeted delivery of exosome-encapsulated antisense oligonucleotides using neural stem cells.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunostimulating oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) have shown promising efficacy in cancer models when injected locally. In a phase I clinical trial, intratumoral infusions of CpG-ODN in glioblastoma (GBM) patients were well tolerated at doses up to 20 mg. This phase II trial was designed to study the efficacy of a local treatment by CpG-ODN in patients with recurrent GBMs. Patients with recurrent GBM occurring at least 3 months after radiotherapy, and previously treated with 1 or 2 regimens of chemotherapy received 20 mg of CpG-ODN (CpG-28) by convection-enhanced delivery. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients without tumor progression 6 months after inclusion. Secondary endpoints were tolerance, survival, and radiological response. Thirty-four patients were enrolled in two centers between November 2004 and March 2006. Thirty-one patients received CpG-ODN treatment. The progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months was 19%. One partial response and 3 minor responses were observed. The median overall survival was 28 weeks. Eight patients (24%) were alive 1 year after inclusion and 5 patients (15%) were alive after 2 years. Treatment was usually well tolerated. As reported previously, the most common toxicities were lymphopenia, mild fever, seizures, and transient neurological worsening. Despite a few cases showing a radiological response, CpG-28 showed modest activity on the 6-month PFS in this patient population. The molecular or clinical characteristics of a subgroup of patients that could potentially benefit from such an approach remain to be defined.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.