ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2010
A case-control study of levothyroxine and the risk of colorectal cancer.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thyroid Hormones Imbalances and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Meta-analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Quantitative risk of positive family history in developing colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2019Pooled it
- Lower Relative Contribution of Positive Family History to Colorectal Cancer Risk with Increasing Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 9.28 Million Individuals.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2018Pooled it
- Associations between aspirin use and the risk of cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC cancer · 2018Pooled it
- Stromal cells in normal colon and colon cancers: importance of thyroid hormone signaling.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Association between thyroid disorders and extra-thyroidal cancers, a review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Review
- Environmental drivers of the rising incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer in the United States.International journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Risk of Subsequent Primary Cancers in Thyroid Cancer Survivors according to the Dose of Levothyroxine: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Association of hypothyroidism with survival in pancreatic cancer: retrospective cohort study.BJS open · 2024Article
- Article
- Insights on the Association between Thyroid Diseases and Colorectal Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Should patients on levothyroxine therapy be screened for pancreatic cancer?Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Article
- Thyroid hormone signaling in the intestinal stem cells and their niche.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- The Clinical Relevance of Hypothyroidism in Patients with Solid Non-Thyroid Cancer: A Tantalizing Conundrum.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Levothyroxine use and the risk of colorectal cancer: a large population-based case-control study.Endocrine connections · 2022Article
- TSH-TSHR axis promotes tumor immune evasion.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Article
- Risk of cancer in long-term levothyroxine users: Retrospective population-based study.Cancer science · 2021Article
- Thyroid hormones in diabetes, cancer, and aging.Aging cell · 2020Review
- Molecular Functions of Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Regulation of Cancer Progression and Anti-Apoptosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Levothyroxine is a synthetic T(4) hormone commonly used to treat thyroid disease. Increased incidence of mostly autoimmune thyroid disease has been associated with breast and other malignancies, and thyroid hormone levels might also be associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this population-based matched case-control study (2566 pairs) of CRC in northern Israel, use of levothyroxine for at least 5 years was assessed using structured interviews and validated by prescription records. The analysis included use of statins, aspirin, and hormone replacement therapy; CRC family history; physical activity; vegetable consumption; ethnicity; age; and sex. All statistical tests were two-sided. The use of levothyroxine was associated with a statistically significantly reduced relative risk of CRC (odds ratio = 0.59, 95% confidence interval = 0.43 to 0.82, P = .001). This association remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, sex, use of aspirin and statins, sports activity, family history of CRC, ethnic group, and level of vegetable consumption (odds ratio = 0.60, 95% confidence interval = 0.44 to 0.81, P = .001). No statistically significant interactions were seen between use of levothyroxine and aspirin, statins, or hormone replacement therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.