ArticleThe Plant cell2010
Promoters of the barley germin-like GER4 gene cluster enable strong transgene expression in response to pathogen attack.
Article in The Plant cell, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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39 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transgenic validation of a promoter strongly inducible by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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- Genome-wide identification of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene family in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and BnADH36 functional verification under salt stress.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- Genomic Exploration: Unraveling the Intricacies of Indica RiceACS omega · 2024Article
- Genome-wide analysis of radishFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) family in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).BMC plant biology · 2023Article
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- A novel rubber tree PR-10 protein involved in host-defense response against the white root rot fungus Rigidoporus microporus.BMC plant biology · 2023Article
- The Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-inducible promoter pBnGH17D7 in Brassica napus: isolation, characterization, and application in host-induced gene silencing.Journal of experimental botany · 2022Article
- Identification and characterization of a new soybean promoter induced by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust.BMC biotechnology · 2021Article
- The effect of phytoglobin overexpression on the plant proteome during nonhost response of barley (Hordeum vulgare) to wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici).Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Article
- Prospects of pan-genomics in barley.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2019Review
- Article
- Detecting Large Chromosomal Modifications Using Short Read Data From Genotyping-by-Sequencing.Frontiers in plant science · 2019Article
- GhABP19, a Novel Germin-Like Protein FromFrontiers in plant science · 2019Article
- Evolutionarily conserved partial gene duplication in the Triticeae tribe of grasses confers pathogen resistance.Genome biology · 2018Article
- Genome-wide identification of the auxin response factor gene family in Cicer arietinum.BMC genomics · 2018Article
- Genome-wide association study in Asia-adapted tropical maize reveals novel and explored genomic regions for sorghum downy mildew resistance.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunity of plants triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is based on the execution of an evolutionarily conserved defense response that includes the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins as well as multiple other defenses. The most abundant PR transcript of barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaf epidermis attacked by the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei encodes the germin-like protein GER4, which has superoxide dismutase activity and functions in PAMP-triggered immunity. Here, we show that barley GER4 is encoded by a dense cluster of tandemly duplicated genes (GER4a-h) that underwent several cycles of duplication. The genomic organization of the GER4 locus also provides evidence for repeated gene birth and death cycles. The GER4 promoters contain multiple WRKY factor binding sites (W-boxes) preferentially located in promoter fragments that were exchanged between subfamily members by gene conversion. Mutational analysis of TATA-box proximal W-boxes used GER4c promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusions to reveal their enhancing effects and functional redundancy on pathogen-induced promoter activity. The data suggest enhanced transcript dosage as an evolutionary driving force for the local expansion and functional redundancy of the GER4 locus. In addition, the GER4c promoter provides a tool to study signal transduction of PAMP-triggered immunity and to engineer strictly localized and pathogen-regulated disease resistance in transgenic cereal crops.
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