ArticleJournal of bacteriology2010
The actinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces chrysomallus: a genetic hall of mirrors for synthesis of a molecule with mirror symmetry.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Actinomycin Analogs from Soil-DerivedLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- An integrated multi-omic approach for discovery and dereplication of bioactive microbial natural products.Microbial genomics · 2025Article
- Unveiling novel features and phylogenomic assessment of indigenousMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Kynurenine monooxygenaseFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Modulating the Release Kinetics of Natural Product Actinomycin from Bacterial Nanocellulose Films and Their Antimicrobial Activity.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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- Identification and application of a strong bidirectionalEngineering microbiology · 2024Article
- Genome mining of actinomycin shunt products fromRSC advances · 2023Article
- Recent developments in the identification and biosynthesis of antitumor drugs derived from microorganisms.Engineering microbiology · 2022Review
- The UvrA-like protein Ecm16 requires ATPase activity to render resistance against echinomycin.Molecular microbiology · 2022Article
- Integrated Metabolomic, Molecular Networking, and Genome Mining Analyses Uncover Novel Angucyclines FromFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- The Genome Analysis of the Human Lung-AssociatedMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Genome-guided investigation of secondary metabolites produced by a potential new strain Streptomyces BA2 isolated from an endemic plant rhizosphere in Turkey.Archives of microbiology · 2021Article
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- Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals the significant pleiotropic regulatory effects of LmbU on lincomycin biosynthesis.Microbial cell factories · 2020Article
- Article
- Questiomycins, Algicidal Compounds Produced by the Marine BacteriumMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- The ADEP Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Streptomyces hawaiiensis NRRL 15010 Reveals an AccessoryApplied and environmental microbiology · 2019Article
- Biosynthesis of l-4-Chlorokynurenine, an Antidepressant Prodrug and a Non-Proteinogenic Amino Acid Found in Lipopeptide Antibiotics.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2019Article
- Identification of the Actinomycin D Biosynthetic Pathway from Marine-DerivedMarine drugs · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A gene cluster was identified which contains genes involved in the biosynthesis of actinomycin encompassing 50 kb of contiguous DNA on the chromosome of Streptomyces chrysomallus. It contains 28 genes with biosynthetic functions and is bordered on both sides by IS elements. Unprecedentedly, the cluster consists of two large inverted repeats of 11 and 13 genes, respectively, with four nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes in the middle. Nine genes in each repeat have counterparts in the other, in the same arrangement but in the opposite orientation, suggesting an inverse duplication of one of the arms during the evolution of the gene cluster. All of the genes appear to be organized into operons, each corresponding to a functional section of actinomycin biosynthesis, such as peptide assembly, regulation, resistance, and biosynthesis of the precursor of the actinomycin chromophore 4-methyl-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (4-MHA). For 4-MHA synthesis, functional analysis revealed genes that encode pathway-specific isoforms of tryptophan dioxygenase, kynurenine formamidase, and hydroxykynureninase, which are distinct from the corresponding enzyme activities of cellular tryptophan catabolism in their regulation and in part in their substrate specificity. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the pathway-specific tryptophan metabolism in Streptomyces most probably evolved divergently from the normal pathway of tryptophan catabolism to provide an extra or independent supply of building blocks for the synthesis of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.