Trial reportBritish journal of cancer2010
Phase II trial of imiquimod and HPV therapeutic vaccination in patients with vulval intraepithelial neoplasia.
Trial report in British journal of cancer, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 247 citations in OpenAlex.
- HPV vaccine in the treatment of usual type vulval and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review.BMC women's health · 2019Pooled it
- Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology guidelines 2015 for the treatment of vulvar cancer and vaginal cancer.International journal of clinical oncology · 2018Guideline
- Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of usual-type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- A randomized pilot study of HPV16 L2E7E6 fusion protein vaccination site post-treatment for HPV16+ cervical cancer.Gynecologic oncology · 2025Trial
- HPV-16 E6/E7 DNA tattoo vaccination using genetically optimized vaccines elicit clinical and immunological responses in patients with usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN): a phase I/II clinical trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Trial
- Immunogenicity in humans of a transdermal multipeptide melanoma vaccine administered with or without a TLR7 agonist.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Trial
- A pilot study of pNGVL4a-CRT/E7(detox) for the treatment of patients with HPV16+ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 (CIN2/3).Gynecologic oncology · 2016Trial
- Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of VGX-3100, a therapeutic synthetic DNA vaccine targeting human papillomavirus 16 and 18 E6 and E7 proteins for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2015Trial
- The long-term immune response after HPV16 peptide vaccination in women with low-grade pre-malignant disorders of the uterine cervix: a placebo-controlled phase II study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2014Trial
- A placebo-controlled randomized HPV16 synthetic long-peptide vaccination study in women with high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2012Trial
- The Exploration of Therapeutic Antivirals for Human Papillomavirus in the Last 40 Years: Bibliometric Research.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Advances in immunotherapy for HPV-associated malignancies: emerging strategies and clinical progress.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting innate immunity to overcome immune evasion in HPV-associated cancers.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- "Prime and pull" vaccination strategy for treatment of cervical pre-cancer: not quite ready for prime time.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the anogenital region.Oncotarget · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy in cervical cancer: an innovative approach for better treatment outcomes.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2025Review
- Review
- Review
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- Application of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their agonists in cancer vaccines and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a premalignant condition, which is frequently associated with type HPV16 infection, and multifocal disease has high rates of surgical treatment failure.
methodsWe report a phase II clinical trial of the topical immunomodulator, imiquimod, for 8 weeks, followed by 3 doses (weeks 10, 14 and 18) of therapeutic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination (TA-CIN, fusion protein HPV16 E6E7L2) in 19 women with VIN grades 2 and 3. Histology and HPV testing of biopsies were performed at weeks 0, 10, 20 and 52. Intralesional infiltration of T-cell subsets and lymphocyte proliferation for HPV systemic immune responses were also assessed.
resultsLesion response (complete regression of VIN on histology) was observed in 32% (6 out of 19) of women at week 10, increasing to 58% (11 out of 19) at week 20 and 63% (12 out of 19) at week 52. At this time, 36% (5 out of 14) of lesions showed HPV16 clearance and 79% (15 out of 19) of women were symptom free. At week 20, after treatment with imiquimod and vaccination, there was significantly increased local infiltration of CD8 and CD4 T cells in lesion responders; in contrast, non-responders (persistent VIN by histology) showed an increased density of T regulatory cells. After vaccination, only lesion responders had significantly increased lympho-proliferation to the HPV vaccine antigens.
conclusionThe therapeutic effect of treatment depends on the differential immune response of responders and non-responders with affect locally and systemically.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.