ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2010
Relative over-reactivity of human versus chimpanzee lymphocytes: implications for the human diseases associated with immune activation.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Accelerated Evolution of Context-Dependent Gene Expression in Primate Immune Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Roadmap for direct and indirect translation of optogenetics into discoveries and therapies for humans.Nature neuroscience · 2025Review
- Increase of Inhibitory Siglec receptors on T cells mitigates severe immune reactions during acute viral infections.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Acute ocular hypertension in the living human eye: Model description and initial cellular responses to elevated intraocular pressure.Vision research · 2024Article
- Comparative physiological anthropogeny: exploring molecular underpinnings of distinctly human phenotypes.Physiological reviews · 2023Review
- Pre-existing immunity does not impair the engraftment of CRISPR-Cas9-edited cells in rhesus macaques conditioned with busulfan or radiation.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2023Article
- Discovery, classification, evolution and diversity of Siglecs.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2023Review
- The genome, microbiome and evolutionary medicine.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2018Article
- Possible Influences of Endogenous and Exogenous Ligands on the Evolution of Human Siglecs.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Siglec-7 restores β-cell function and survival and reduces inflammation in pancreatic islets from patients with diabetes.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Loss of CMAH during Human Evolution Primed the Monocyte-Macrophage Lineage toward a More Inflammatory and Phagocytic State.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Characterization of γδT cells in naïve and HIV-infected chimpanzees and their responses to T-cell activators in vitro.Journal of medical primatology · 2014Article
- Inverse hormesis of cancer growth mediated by narrow ranges of tumor-directed antibodies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
- Functional evaluation of activation-dependent alterations in the sialoglycan composition of T cells.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Article
- Human-specific epigenetic variation in the immunological Leukotriene B4 Receptor (LTB4R/BLT1) implicated in common inflammatory diseases.Genome medicine · 2014Article
- Thyroid autoantibodies are rare in nonhuman great apes and hypothyroidism cannot be attributed to thyroid autoimmunity.Endocrinology · 2013Article
- Potential role of human-specific genes, human-specific microRNAs and human-specific non-coding regulatory RNAs in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis and Sjögren's syndrome.Autoimmunity reviews · 2013Article
- Enhanced T cell function in a mouse model of human glycosylation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- GB virus C particles inhibit T cell activation via envelope E2 protein-mediated inhibition of TCR signaling.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Cell-intrinsic mechanism involving Siglec-5 associated with divergent outcomes of HIV-1 infection in human and chimpanzee CD4 T cells.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although humans and chimpanzees share >99% identity in alignable protein sequences, they differ surprisingly in the incidence and severity of some common diseases. In general, humans infected with various viruses, such as HIV and hepatitis C virus, appear to develop stronger reactions and long-term complications. Humans also appear to suffer more from other diseases associated with over-reactivity of the adaptive immune system, such as asthma, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we show that human T cells are more reactive than chimpanzee T cells to a wide variety of stimuli, including anti-TCR Abs of multiple isotypes, l-phytohemagglutin, Staphylococcus aureus superantigen, a superagonist anti-CD28 Ab, and in MLRs. We also extend this observation to B cells, again showing a human propensity to react more strongly to stimuli. Finally, we show a relative increase in activation markers and cytokine production in human lymphocytes in response to uridine-rich (viral-like) ssRNA. Thus, humans manifest a generalized lymphocyte over-reactivity relative to chimpanzees, a finding that is correlated with decreased levels of inhibitory sialic acid-recognizing Ig-superfamily lectins (Siglecs; particularly Siglec-5) on human T and B cells. Furthermore, Siglec-5 levels are upregulated by activation in chimpanzee but not human lymphocytes, and human T cell reactivity can be downmodulated by forced expression of Siglec-5. Thus, a key difference in the immune reactivity of chimp and human lymphocytes appears to be related to the differential expression of Siglec-5. Taken together, these data may help explain human propensities for diseases associated with excessive activation of the adaptive immune system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.