ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2010
Prevalence and seasonality of tick-borne pathogens in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks from Luxembourg.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review on the Occurrence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Europe-Wide Meta-Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Pooled it
- Lyme beyond the season: late-autumn dissemination of infected ticks by southward migrating redwings (Turdus iliacus).Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Asynchronous local differences in Lyme disease environmental hazard driven by variation in tick abundance and Borrelia burgdorferi infection prevalence.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Zoonotic Pathogens inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Investigation of the Blood Microbiome in Horses With Fever of Unknown Origin.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Molecular identification, genotyping and phylogenetic analysis ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Molecular screening of piroplasms and Anaplasmataceae agents in Hyalomma dromedarii ticks from camels over different seasons in Egypt.Experimental & applied acarology · 2024Article
- Temporal Changes in Tick-Borne Pathogen Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Across Different Habitats in the North-Eastern Italian Alps.MicrobiologyOpen · 2024Article
- Diversity and Distribution of Bacterial and Parasitic Tick-Borne Pathogens in Armenia, Transcaucasia.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Article
- The prevalence of pathogens in ticks collected from humans in Belgium, 2021, versus 2017.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Ticks and spirochetes of the genus Borrelia in urban areas of Central-Western Poland.Experimental & applied acarology · 2024Article
- Temporal dynamics of theCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Ticks and Chlamydia-Related Bacteria in Swiss Zoological Gardens Compared to in Contiguous and Distant Control Areas.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ticks and Small Mammals from Grassland and Forest Habitats in Central Germany.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Spatial and Temporal Variability in Prevalence Rates of Members of theMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Tick findings from subterranean environments in the Central German Uplands and Luxembourg reveal a predominance of male Ixodes hexagonus.Experimental & applied acarology · 2023Article
- Transmission Cycle of Tick-Borne Infections and Co-Infections, Animal Models and Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Risk of Exposure to Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in a Spa Town in Northern Poland.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Questing Ixodes ricinus ticks and Borrelia spp. in urban green space across Europe: A review.Zoonoses and public health · 2022Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In Europe, ixodid ticks are important arthropod vectors of human and animal pathogens, but comprehensive studies of the prevalence of all relevant pathogens in Central Europe are scarce. As a result of ecological changes, the incidences of tick-borne infections are expected to increase. In this study, 1,394 nymphal and adult Ixodes ricinus ticks sampled monthly during the active season from 33 ecologically distinct collection sites throughout Luxembourg were screened for all human tick-borne pathogens relevant in Central Europe. Species were identified by sequence analysis of detection PCR amplicons. Mean infection rates of ticks were 11.3% for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, 5.1% for Rickettsia sp., 2.7% for Babesia sp., and 1.9% for Anaplasma phagocytophilum. No tick was found to be infected with Coxiella sp., Francisella tularensis subsp., or Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). A total of 3.2% of ticks were infected with more than one pathogen species, including mixed Borrelia infections (1.5%). Seasonal variations of tick infection rates were observed for Borrelia, Babesia, and Anaplasma, possibly reflecting a behavioral adaptation strategy of questing ticks. A positive correlation between the grade of urbanization and Borrelia infection rate of ticks was observed, suggesting an established urban zoonotic cycle. We also found Hepatozoon canis (0.1%) and Bartonella henselae (0.3%), which so far have not been found in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in Central Europe.
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Registered trials
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