ReviewCritical care (London, England)2010
Intensive Care Unit-acquired infection as a side effect of sedation.
Review in Critical care (London, England), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Remimazolam and Propofol on Blood Glucose and Serum Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinical Trial with Prospective Randomized Control.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Trial
- Enteral versus intravenous approach for the sedation of critically ill patients: a randomized and controlled trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Dexmedetomidine versus morphine infusion following laparoscopic bariatric surgery: effect on supplemental narcotic requirement during the first 24 h.Surgical endoscopy · 2016Trial
- The preventability of ventilator-associated events. The CDC Prevention Epicenters Wake Up and Breathe Collaborative.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2015Trial
- Replacement of fentanyl infusion by enteral methadone decreases the weaning time from mechanical ventilation: a randomized controlled trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2012Trial
- Therapeutic coma in non-convulsive status epilepticus is associated with increased complications and mortality: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Impact of sedation with propofol and/or sufentanil on short-term outcomes in patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A retrospective study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis and hepatic inflammation in morphine dependence and withdrawal: insights from a rat model.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Interpretable machine learning for postoperative sepsis prediction in ICU patients following intracranial hematoma evacuation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Risk factors for suspected infectious fever after diagnostic upper endoscopy: propofol overdose in a retrospective study from Korea.Clinical endoscopy · 2025Article
- Computer vision detects covert voluntary facial movements in unresponsive brain injury patients.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Outcomes and factors associated with prolonged stays among patients admitted to adult intensive care unit in a resource-limited setting: a multicenter chart review.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Anti-inflammatory potential of remimazolam: A laboratory and clinical investigation.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- Remi-fent 1-A pragmatic randomised controlled study to evaluate the feasibility of using remifentanil or fentanyl as sedation adjuncts in mechanically ventilated patients.Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine · 2023Article
- Excessive Sedation as a Risk Factor for Delirium: A Comparison between Two Cohorts of ARDS Critically Ill Patients with and without COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Propofol directly binds to and inhibits TLR7.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2022Article
- Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Critically Ill Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Nepal: A Prospective Cohort Study.Infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Dexmedetomidine Protects Against Septic Liver Injury by Enhancing Autophagy Through Activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Antiviral Efficacy of the Anesthetic Propofol against Dengue Virus Infection and Cellular Inflammation.Journal of immunology research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSedative and analgesic medications are routinely used in mechanically ventilated patients. The aim of this review is to discuss epidemiologic data that suggest a relationship between infection and sedation, to review available data for the potential causes and pathophysiology of this relationship, and to identify potential preventive measures.
methodsData for this review were identified through searches of PubMed, and from bibliographies of relevant articles.
resultsSeveral epidemiologic studies suggested a link between sedation and ICU-acquired infection. Prolongation of exposure to risk factors for infection, microaspiration, gastrointestinal motility disturbances, microcirculatory effects are main mechanisms by which sedation may favour infection in critically ill patients. Furthermore, experimental evidence coming from studies both in humans and animals suggest that sedatives and analgesics present immunomodulatory properties that might alter the immunologic response to exogenous stimuli. Clinical studies comparing different sedative agents do not provide evidence to recommend the use of a particular agent to reduce ICU-acquired infection rate. However, sedation strategies aiming to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation, such as daily interruption of sedatives or nursing-implementing sedation protocol, should be promoted. In addition, the use of short acting opioids, propofol, and dexmedetomidine is associated with shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay, and might be helpful in reducing ICU-acquired infection rates.
conclusionsProlongation of exposure to risk factors for infection, microaspiration, gastrointestinal motility disturbances, microcirculatory effects, and immunomodulatory effects are main mechanisms by which sedation may favour infection in critically ill patients. Future studies should compare the effect of different sedative agents, and the impact of progressive opioid discontinuation compared with abrupt discontinuation on ICU-acquired infection rates.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.