ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2010
Is protein intake associated with bone mineral density in young women?
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary protein and bone health across the life-course: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis over 40 years.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Pooled it
- Causal assessment of dietary acid load and bone disease: a systematic review & meta-analysis applying Hill's epidemiologic criteria for causality.Nutrition journal · 2011Pooled it
- High protein consumption in trained women: bad to the bone?Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2018Trial
- Amino Acid Intakes Are Associated With Bone Mineral Density and Prevalence of Low Bone Mass in Women: Evidence From Discordant Monozygotic Twins.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2016Trial
- The Effect of Protein Intake on Bone Disease, Kidney Disease, and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- Associations between Macronutrients Intake and Bone Mineral Density: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Health Workers Cohort Study Participants.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Article
- Determinants of bone mineral density in young Australian women; results from the Safe-D study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017Article
- The Relationship Between Dietary Intakes of Amino Acids and Bone Mineral Density Among Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury.Oman medical journal · 2016Article
- Vitamin D Status, Bone Mineral Density and Mental Health in Young Australian Women: The Safe-D Study.Journal of public health research · 2015Article
- Prediction of bone mineral density and content from measures of physical activity and sedentary behavior in younger and older females.Preventive medicine reports · 2015Article
- Protein intake and lumbar bone density: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).The British journal of nutrition · 2014Observational
- The acid-ash hypothesis revisited: a reassessment of the impact of dietary acidity on bone.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2014Review
- Health effects of protein intake in healthy adults: a systematic literature review.Food & nutrition research · 2013Article
- Dietary habits, nutrients and bone mass in Spanish premenopausal women: the contribution of fish to better bone health.Nutrients · 2012Article
- Bone Mineral Density and Food-frequency in Korean Adults: The 2008 and 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Korean journal of family medicine · 2012Article
- Protein intake, calcium balance and health consequences.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2012Review
- Dietary protein and skeletal health: a review of recent human research.Current opinion in lipidology · 2011Review
- The interaction between dietary protein and bone health.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe range of protein intakes for optimizing bone health among premenopausal women is unclear. Protein is a major constituent of bone, but acidic amino acids may promote bone resorption.
objectiveThe objective was to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between baseline dietary protein and bone mineral density (BMD) among 560 females aged 14-40 y at baseline enrolled in a Pacific Northwest managed-care organization. The role of protein source (animal or vegetable) and participant characteristics were considered.
designDietary protein intake was assessed by using a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire in participants enrolled in a study investigating associations between hormonal contraceptive use and bone health. Annual changes in hip, spine, and whole-body BMD were measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between baseline protein intake (% of energy) and BMD were examined by using linear regression analysis and generalized estimating equations adjusted for confounders.
resultsThe mean (+/-SD) protein intake at baseline was 15.5 +/- 3.2%. After multivariable adjustment, the mean BMD was similar across each tertile of protein intake. In cross-sectional analyses, low vegetable protein intake was associated with a lower BMD (P = 0.03 for hip, P = 0.10 for spine, and P = 0.04 for whole body). For every percentage increase in the percentage of energy from protein, no significant longitudinal changes in BMD were observed at any anatomic site over the follow-up period.
conclusionsData from this longitudinal study suggest that a higher protein intake does not have an adverse effect on bone in premenopausal women. Cross-sectional analyses suggest that low vegetable protein intake is associated with lower BMD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.