Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2010
Initial response to protease-inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy among children less than 2 years of age in South Africa: effect of cotreatment for tuberculosis.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02348177 (A Pharmacokinetics Study Comparing Lopinavir Plasma Exposure When Given as Lopinavir/Ritonavir), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pharmacokinetics Study Comparing Lopinavir Plasma Exposure When Given as Lopinavir/Ritonavir (1:1) in the Presence of Rifampicin and Lopinavir/Ritonavir (4:1) Without Rifampicin in HIV and TB Co-infected Children in South Africa.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growth reconstitution following antiretroviral therapy and nutritional supplementation: systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Pooled it
- Clinical Outcomes in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treated for Nonsevere Tuberculosis in the SHINE Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Contribution of Gag and Protease to HIV-1 Phenotypic Drug Resistance in Pediatric Patients Failing Protease Inhibitor-Based Therapy.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Sex differences in responses to antiretroviral treatment in South African HIV-infected children on ritonavir-boosted lopinavir- and nevirapine-based treatment.BMC pediatrics · 2014Trial
- Switching children previously exposed to nevirapine to nevirapine-based treatment after initial suppression with a protease-inhibitor-based regimen: long-term follow-up of a randomised, open-label trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2012Trial
- Trial
- Viral Response among Early Treated HIV Perinatally Infected Infants: Description of a Cohort in Southern Mozambique.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- FCGR3A gene duplication, FcγRIIb-232TT and FcγRIIIb-HNA1a associate with an increased risk of vertical acquisition of HIV-1.PloS one · 2022Article
- Drug Resistance Mutations Among South African Children Living With HIV on WHO-recommended ART Regimens.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- An HIV Vaccine Protective Allele inFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- 12-month outcomes of HIV-infected infants identified at birth at one maternity site in Johannesburg, South Africa: an observational cohort study.The lancet. HIV · 2018Observational
- Early antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected infants: can it lead to HIV remission?The lancet. HIV · 2018Review
- Virological response and resistances over 12 months among HIV-infected children less than two years receiving first-line lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy in Cote d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso: the MONOD ANRS 12206 cohort.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Article
- Article
- Early age at start of antiretroviral therapy associated with better virologic control after initial suppression in HIV-infected infants.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- Tuberculosis and pneumonia in HIV-infected children: an overview.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2016Review
- Missed opportunities of inclusion in a cohort of HIV-infected children to initiate antiretroviral treatment before the age of two in West Africa, 2011 to 2013.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Article
- Genetic Changes in HIV-1 Gag-Protease Associated with Protease Inhibitor-Based Therapy Failure in Pediatric Patients.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Article
- Getting to 90-90-90 in paediatric HIV: What is needed?Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSouth African guidelines recommend protease-inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) with lopinavir-ritonavir for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children <36 months of age. We investigated factors associated with viral suppression and mortality among young children initiating ART.
methodsTreatment-naive, ART-eligible, HIV-infected children (aged 6-104 weeks) were enrolled in an ART strategies trial in South Africa and initiated protease-inhibitor-based ART. Mortality and the probability of viral suppression (defined as HIV RNA load of <400 copies/mL) by 39 weeks after ART initiation were investigated.
resultsOf 254 children who initiated ART, 99 (39%) were cotreated for tuberculosis during follow-up. The mortality rate was 14%. Factors predicting mortality were lower pre-ART weight-for-age z score and higher HIV RNA load. By 39 weeks, 84% of surviving children achieved viral suppression. Children who were not cotreated for tuberculosis were more likely to achieve viral suppression (94.8%) than were children who were receiving cotreatment at ART initiation (74.2%) or who started tuberculosis cotreatment after ART initiation (51.6%; P < .001). Other factors predicting lower probability of viral suppression were lower pre-ART weight- and length-for-age z score, higher HIV RNA load, and World Health Organization disease stage.
conclusionHigh rates of viral suppression can be achieved among infants and young children who initiate protease-inhibitor-based ART. Cotreatment for tuberculosis reduced viral suppression. How best to treat HIV-infected children who require tuberculosis treatment warrants urgent investigation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.