Trial reportThe British journal of nutrition2010
Sex differences in the effects of maternal vitamin supplements on mortality and morbidity among children born to HIV-infected women in Tanzania.
Trial report in The British journal of nutrition, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Vitamin A supplements for reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy for maternal and newborn outcomes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Vitamin A and carotenoids during pregnancy and maternal, neonatal and infant health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2012Pooled it
- Impact of food supplements on early child development in children with moderate acute malnutrition: A randomised 2 x 2 x 3 factorial trial in Burkina Faso.PLoS medicine · 2020Trial
- Predictors of stunting, wasting and underweight among Tanzanian children born to HIV-infected women.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2012Trial
- The association between early-life nutrition and palatine tonsil grading in preschool children: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Sexual dimorphism in immunity and longevity among the oldest old.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The association between micronutrients and the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in convalescent patients.Infection · 2022Article
- Sex disparities in influenza: A multiscale network analysis.iScience · 2022Article
- Developmental origin and sex-specific risk for infections and immune diseases later in life.Seminars in immunopathology · 2019Review
- Agents of change among people living with HIV and their social networks: stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial of theBMJ global health · 2019Article
- Sex-specific regulation of immune responses by PPARs.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2017Review
- Sex differences in immune responses.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2016Review
- Immunity, Sex Hormones, and Environmental Factors as Determinants of COVID-19 Disparity in Women.Frontiers in immunologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We examined whether there are sex differences in the effect of vitamin supplements on birth outcomes, mortality and morbidity by 2 years of age among children born to HIV-infected women in Tanzania. A randomised placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 959 mother-infant pairs. HIV-infected pregnant women were randomly assigned to receive a daily oral dose of one of four regimens: multivitamins (vitamins B-complex, C and E), vitamin A plus beta-carotene, multivitamins including vitamin A plus beta-carotene or placebo. Supplements were administered during pregnancy and continued after delivery. The beneficial effect of multivitamins on decreasing the risk of low birth weight was stronger among girls (relative risks (RR) = 0.39, 95 % CI 0.22, 0.67) than among boys (RR = 0.81, 95 % CI 0.44, 1.49; P for interaction = 0.08). Maternal multivitamin supplements resulted in 32 % reduction in mortality among girls (RR = 0.68, 95 % CI 0.47, 0.97), whereas no effect was found among boys (RR = 1.20, 95 % CI 0.80, 1.78; P for interaction = 0.04). Multivitamins had beneficial effects on the overall risks of diarrhoea that did not differ by sex. Vitamin A plus beta-carotene alone increased the risk of HIV transmission, but had no effects on mortality, and we found no sex differences in these effects. Sex differential effects of multivitamins on mortality may be due to sex-related differences in the immunological or genetic factors. More research is warranted to examine the effect of vitamins by sex and better understand biological mechanisms mediating such effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.