ArticleRetrovirology2010
High systemic levels of interleukin-10, interleukin-22 and C-reactive protein in Indian patients are associated with low in vitro replication of HIV-1 subtype C viruses.
Article in Retrovirology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular condensates (ECs) are endogenous modulators of HIV transcription and latency reactivation.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Decreased IL-1 β Secretion as a Potential Predictor of Tuberculosis Recurrence in Individuals Diagnosed with HIV.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Current Knowledge of Th22 Cell and IL-22 Functions in Infectious Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Lenalidomide potentially reduced the level of cell- associated HIV RNA and improved persistent inflammation in patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis a pilot study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Dynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals withMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Upregulation of IL-32 Isoforms in Virologically Suppressed HIV-Infected Individuals: Potential Role in Persistent Inflammation and Transcription From Stable HIV-1 Reservoirs.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Cytomegalovirus and HIV Persistence: Pouring Gas on the Fire.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2017Review
- Plasma Cytokine Levels in Chronic Asymptomatic HIV-1 Subtype C Infection as an Indicator of Disease Progression in Botswana: A Retrospective Case Control Study.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2016Article
- The Role of IL-22 in Viral Infections: Paradigms and Paradoxes.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Article
- Interleukin-22 reduces lung inflammation during influenza A virus infection and protects against secondary bacterial infection.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Microbial translocation, immune activation, and HIV disease.Trends in microbiology · 2013Review
- Interleukin-22 suppresses the growth of A498 renal cell carcinoma cells via regulation of STAT1 pathway.PloS one · 2011Article
- The role of cytokines in the establishment, persistence and eradication of the HIV reservoir.Cytokine & growth factor reviewsReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) accounts for almost 50% of all HIV-1 infections worldwide and predominates in countries with the highest case-loads globally. Functional studies suggest that HIV-1C is unique in its biological properties, and there are contradicting reports about its replicative characteristics. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether the host cytokine environment modulates the in vitro replication capacity of HIV-1C viruses.
methodsA small subset of HIV-1C isolates showing efficient replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is described, and the association of in vitro replication capacity with disease progression markers and the host cytokine response was evaluated. Viruses were isolated from patient samples, and the corresponding in vitro growth kinetics were determined by monitoring for p24 production. Genotype, phenotype and co-receptor usage were determined for all isolates, while clinical category, CD4 cell counts and viral loads were recorded for all patients. Plasmatic concentrations of cytokines and, acute-phase response, and microbial translocation markers were determined; and the effect of cytokine treatment on in vitro replication rates was also measured.
resultsWe identified a small number of viral isolates showing high in vitro replication capacity in healthy-donor PBMC. HIV-1C usage of CXCR4 co-receptor was rare; therefore, it did not account for the differences in replication potential observed. There was also no correlation between the in vitro replication capacity of HIV-1C isolates and patients' disease status. Efficient virus growth was significantly associated with low interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-22 (IL-22), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in plasma (p < .0001). In vitro, pretreatment of virus cultures with IL-10 and CRP resulted in a significant reduction of virus production, whereas IL-22, which lacks action on immune cells appears to mediate its anti-HIV effect through interaction with both IL-10 and CRP, and its own protective effect on mucosal membranes.
conclusionsThese results indicate that high systemic levels of IL-10, CRP and IL-22 in HIV-1C-infected Indian patients are associated with low viral replication in vitro, and that the former two have direct inhibitory effects whereas the latter acts through downstream mechanisms that remain uncertain.
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