ArticleClinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN2010
Serum potassium and outcomes in CKD: insights from the RRI-CKD cohort study.
Article in Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 211 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum potassium and adverse outcomes across the range of kidney function: a CKD Prognosis Consortium meta-analysis.European heart journal · 2018Pooled it
- Hypokalaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the effect of finerenone-a FIDELITY analysis.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2025Trial
- Randomized Trial on the Effects of Dietary Potassium on Blood Pressure and Serum Potassium Levels in Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Risk of hyperkalemia in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease initiating angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers: a randomized study.BMC research notes · 2013Trial
- Serum potassium predicts time to blood pressure response among African Americans with hypertensive nephrosclerosis.Journal of human hypertension · 2013Trial
- The safety and tolerability of spironolactone in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2012Trial
- Moderate dietary sodium restriction added to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition compared with dual blockade in lowering proteinuria and blood pressure: randomised controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2011Trial
- Serum potassium as a predictor of 28-day and in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis: A U-shaped association.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Potassium and the kidney.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- The association between postoperative nadir serum potassium and mortality within 28-day after aortic valve replacement.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Sex differences in potassium regulation: evidence, molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Relationship Between Timing of Hemodialysis and Procedure-Related Complications Following Endoscopy in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- The burden of hyperkalaemia in chronic kidney disease: a systematic literature review.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Hyperkalemia and the Risks of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Consequences of Recurrent Hyperkalemia on Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Evaluating the associations between compliance with CKD guideline component metrics and renal outcomes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Mortality and hyperkalaemia-associated hospitalisation in patients with chronic kidney disease: comparison of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and sodium/calcium polystyrene sulfonate.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Personalizing electrolytes in the dialysis prescription: what, why and how?Clinical kidney journal · 2024Review
- Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThe relationship between serum potassium (S(K)) and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been systematically investigated. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: We examined the predictors and mortality association of S(K) in the Renal Research Institute CKD Study cohort, wherein 820 patients with CKD were prospectively followed at four US centers for an average of 2.6 years. Predictors of S(K) were investigated using linear and repeated measures regression models. Associations between S(K) and mortality, the outcomes of ESRD, and cardiovascular events in time-dependent Cox models were examined.
resultsThe mean age was 60.5 years, 80% were white, 90% had hypertension, 36% had diabetes, the average estimated GFR was 25.4 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), and mean baseline S(K) was 4.6 mmol/L. Higher S(K) was associated with male gender, lower estimated GFR and serum bicarbonate, absence of diuretic and calcium channel blocker use, diabetes, and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or statins. A U-shaped relationship between S(K) and mortality was observed, with mortality risk significantly greater at S(K) < or = 4.0 mmol/L compared with 4.0 to 5.5 mmol/L. Risk for ESRD was elevated at S(K) < or = 4 mmol/L in S(K) categorical models. Only the composite of cardiovascular events or death as an outcome was associated with higher S(K) (> or = 5.5).
conclusionsAlthough clinical practice usually emphasizes greater attention to elevated S(K) in the setting of CKD, our results suggest that patients who have CKD and low or even low-normal S(K) are at higher risk for dying than those with mild to moderate hyperkalemia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.