ArticleJournal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology2010
Effects of long-term use of HAART on oral health status of HIV-infected subjects.
Article in Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral manifestations in HIV-positive individuals under highly active antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence data.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Association between antiretroviral therapy and dental caries in children and adolescents with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review assessing the association of inflammatory markers with kidney dysfunction in people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- High-sensitivity C-reactive protein among people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy: a systemic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Oral Lesions in People Living with HIV: The Lining HIV Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Postoperative Pain After Endodontic Treatment in HIV-Positive Patients Under HAART: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.International endodontic journal · 2026Observational
- Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment Outcomes in Patients with HIV Under Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Oral health-related quality of life among reproductive-aged women with HIV in the southern United States.Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional study of oral health and disease prevalence in HIV-positive patients in Tabriz, Iran (2024).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Periodontal Health in Individuals Living with HIV: An Exploratory and Descriptive Molecular Approach of Microbial Interspecific and Intraspecific Diversity in Brazilian Patients.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- The Pathological Link Between Elevated Markers of Inflammation, Endothelial Activation, and Cardiovascular Diseases in People Living with HIV on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Salivary biochemical parameters in people living with HIV on ART and dental caries: a cross-sectional study in Monastir, Tunisia.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- HIV-Infected Individuals Do Not Present Significant Differences regarding Periodontal Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of dentistry · 2024Article
- Review on oral mucosal lesions in HIV patients with and without highly HAART.Bioinformation · 2024Article
- Impact of HIV on the Oral Microbiome of Children Living in Sub-Saharan Africa, Determined by Using anMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Oral hyperpigmentation as an adverse effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients: A systematic review and pooled prevalence.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2023Review
- Oral Diseases and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Kenyan Children and Adolescents with HIV.JDR clinical and translational research · 2023Article
- Health-related quality of life of Chinese AIDS patients: a multi-region study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- A systematic review of four decades of prevalence of oral soft tissue infections and conditions among adult HIV patients in India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on oral health status of HIV-infected subjects.
methodsOral examination and measurement of saliva flow rate of both unstimulated and wax-stimulated whole saliva were performed in HIV-infected subjects with and without HAART, and in non-HIV individuals. The following data were recorded; duration and risk of HIV infection, type and duration of HAART, CD4 cell count, viral load, presence of orofacial pain, oral dryness, oral burning sensation, oral lesions, cervical caries, and periodontal pocket. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of long-term use of HAART on oral health status of HIV-infected subjects.
resultsOne hundred and fifty-seven HIV-infected subjects - 99 on HAART (age range 23-57 years, mean 39 years) and 58 not on HAART (age range 20-59 years, mean 34 years) - and 50 non-HIV controls (age range 19-59 years, mean 36 years) were enrolled. The most common HAART regimen was 2 NRTI + 2 NNRTI. HIV-infected subjects without HAART showed greater risks of having orofacial pain, oral dryness, oral lesions, and periodontal pockets than those with short-term HAART (P < 0.01). The subjects with long-term HAART were found to have a greater risk of having oral lesions than those with short-term HAART (P < 0.05). The unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates of the subjects with HAART were significantly lower than in those without HAART (P < 0.05).
conclusionWe conclude that long-term HAART has adverse effects on oral health status of HIV-infected subjects.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.