ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2010
Carbohydrate oxidation acidifies endosomes, regulating antigen processing and TLR9 signaling.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- M2-Like Macrophages Exhibit Sialic Acid-Enhanced Efferocytosis via the Siglec CD22.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- M1 Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Particles Induce Cell Death in MDA-MB-231 Cells.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- The solute carrier SLC15A4 is required for optimal trafficking of nucleic acid-sensing TLRs and ligands to endolysosomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Heat stress increases immune cell function in Hexacorallia.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The Selenoprotein MsrB1 Instructs Dendritic Cells to Induce T-Helper 1 Immune Responses.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Immunomodulatory glycan lacto-N-fucopentaose III requires clathrin-mediated endocytosis to induce alternative activation of antigen-presenting cells.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- Mgat2 ablation in the myeloid lineage leads to defective glycoantigen T cell responses.Glycobiology · 2014Article
- A role for NADPH oxidase in antigen presentation.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Review
- Neutrophils confer T cell resistance to myeloid-derived suppressor cell-mediated suppression to promote chronic inflammation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Adaptive immune defects against glycoantigens in chronic granulomatous disease via dysregulated nitric oxide production.European journal of immunology · 2011Article
- MHCII glycosylation modulates Bacteroides fragilis carbohydrate antigen presentation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2011Article
- Oxidative depolymerization of polysaccharides by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species.Glycobiology · 2011Review
- TLR9 is actively recruited to Aspergillus fumigatus phagosomes and requires the N-terminal proteolytic cleavage domain for proper intracellular trafficking.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2010Article
- The modulation of adaptive immune responses by bacterial zwitterionic polysaccharides.International journal of microbiology · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Phagocytes kill encapsulated microbes through oxidative cleavage of surface carbohydrates, releasing glycan fragments and microbial contents that serve as ligands for immune receptors, which tailor the immune response against the offending pathogen. The glycan fragments serve as MHC class II (MHC II) ligands and innate receptor agonists, whereas microbial proteins serve as substrates for proteolytic cleavage and MHC II presentation, and released nucleic acids activate innate pattern-recognition receptors (e.g., TLR9). In the current study, confocal microscopy of live macrophages and dendritic cells revealed that endocytosis of carbohydrates lead to vesicular acidification independent of proton pump activity. Acidification was dependent on NO-mediated oxidation in the presence of the ingested carbohydrate and was sufficient to negatively regulate T cell-dependent polysaccharide Ag cleavage, promote acid-dependent protein Ag processing, and facilitate CpG-mediated TLR9 signaling. Our findings lead to a model in which oxidation of carbohydrates from encapsulated microbes facilitates adaptive immune responses against microbial protein and carbohydrate Ags through promoting Ag processing for MHC II-mediated presentation as well as innate responses against released microbial DNA via TLR9 signaling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.