ArticleMolecular microbiology2010
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Community Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome toxin expression reveals growth phase and infection-dependent regulation.
Article in Molecular microbiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Qingfei Mixture () on pediatric mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with phlegm heat obstructing Fei (Lung) syndrome.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2017Trial
- Innate and adaptive immunity pathways linking Mycoplasma pneumoniae to pediatric asthma phenotypes.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Review
- Pathogenesis and Risk Factors of Post-Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Children: A Focus on Adenovirus and Mycoplasma Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bacterial Toxin Exploits Host Membrane Phospholipid as a Receptor for Binding, Entry, and Cytopathogenicity.Molecular microbiology · 2026Article
- Dual mode of delivery ofmBio · 2026Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and molecular characteristics ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- The Immune Modulatory Role of Surfactants inJournal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Advances in adhesion-related pathogenesis inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Review
- Protective effect of inhaled corticosteroid on children with asthma withFrontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Neutrophil-Mediated Lung Injury Both via TLR2-Dependent Production of IL-1α and IL-12 p40, and TLR2-Independent CARDS Toxin after Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Mice.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Review
- Evaluation of the CARDS toxin and its fragment for the serodiagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2021Article
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae CARDS toxin exploits host cell endosomal acidic pH and vacuolar ATPase proton pump to execute its biological activities.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Community-Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome Toxin: Unique Exotoxin forFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Article
- Characterization of an Immunoglobulin Binding Protein (IbpM) FromFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Disulfide bond of Mycoplasma pneumoniae community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin is essential to maintain the ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating activities.Cellular microbiology · 2019Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes acute and chronic respiratory infections, including tracheobronchitis and community acquired pneumonia, and is linked to asthma and an array of extra-pulmonary disorders. Recently, we identified an ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating toxin of M. pneumoniae, designated Community Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) toxin. In this study we analysed CARDS toxin gene (annotated mpn372) transcription and identified its promoter. We also compared CARDS toxin mRNA and protein profiles in M. pneumoniae during distinct in vitro growth phases. CARDS toxin mRNA expression was maximal, but at low levels, during early exponential growth and declined sharply during mid-to-late log growth phases, which was in direct contrast to other mycoplasma genes examined. Between 7% and 10% of CARDS toxin was localized to the mycoplasma membrane at mid-exponential growth, which was reinforced by immunogold electron microscopy. No CARDS toxin was released into the medium. Upon M. pneumoniae infection of mammalian cells, increased expression of CARDS toxin mRNA was observed when compared with SP-4 broth-grown cultures. Further, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that M. pneumoniae readily expressed CARDS toxin during infection of differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Analysis of M. pneumoniae-infected mouse lung tissue revealed high expression of CARDS toxin per mycoplasma cell when compared with M. pneumoniae cells grown in SP-4 medium alone. Taken together, these studies indicate that CARDS toxin expression is carefully controlled by environmental cues that influence its transcription and translation. Further, the acceleration of CARDS toxin synthesis and accumulation in vivo is consistent with its role as a bona fide virulence determinant.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.