ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR2010
Virulence and immunomodulatory roles of bacterial outer membrane vesicles.
Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 538 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
538 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 943 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acinetobacter baumannii as a Model for the Study and Application of Gram-Negative Outer Membrane Vesicles: A Systematic Review.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Bibliometric analysis of research trends and prospective directions ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Role of Exosomes During Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Double-Edged Sword.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Article
- The Oral-Gut-Brain Axis in Pediatric Populations: The Implications of Oral Dysbiosis for Systemic Inflammation and Neuroinflammation.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles as multifunctional defense systems: Roles in immune evasion, phage interactions, and antimicrobial resistance.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- New insights into outer membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria from biogenesis to applications.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Cellular effects of outer membrane vesicles isolated from pks-positive strains of bacteria.Research square · 2026Article
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles: Research Advances from Biogenesis Mechanisms to Engineered Applications.Membranes · 2026Review
- Fusobacterium nucleatum in cancer: Interactions with microbiota, tumour colonisation and cancer progression.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- The Role of Oral Pathobionts' Outer Membrane Vesicles in Cancer Pathology and Therapeutic Development.Cells · 2026Review
- Tracking spatio-temporal dynamics of early immune responses to an intranasal OMV-based pneumococcal vaccine candidate in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Biogenesis, Functions, and Emerging Biotechnological Applications.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived outer membrane vesicles travel from oral to distant organs via blood circulation in a time-dependent manner.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Biosynthetic OMVs with endogenous GM-CSF loading for ultrasound-triggered in situ cancer vaccination.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- Porphyromonas gingivalis OMVs Activate Macrophage-Hepatic Stellate Cells via Thbs1/TGF-β Signalling in NAFLD.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Biophysical Features of Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) from PathogenicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Possible Recently Identified Evolutionary Strategy Using Membrane-Bound Vesicle Transfer of Genetic Material to Induce Bacterial Resistance, Virulence and Pathogenicity inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- From gatekeepers to mitochondrial mischief: how bacterial outer membrane proteins crash the host cell party.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
478 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Outer membrane (OM) vesicles are ubiquitously produced by Gram-negative bacteria during all stages of bacterial growth. OM vesicles are naturally secreted by both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. Strong experimental evidence exists to categorize OM vesicle production as a type of Gram-negative bacterial virulence factor. A growing body of data demonstrates an association of active virulence factors and toxins with vesicles, suggesting that they play a role in pathogenesis. One of the most popular and best-studied pathogenic functions for membrane vesicles is to serve as natural vehicles for the intercellular transport of virulence factors and other materials directly into host cells. The production of OM vesicles has been identified as an independent bacterial stress response pathway that is activated when bacteria encounter environmental stress, such as what might be experienced during the colonization of host tissues. Their detection in infected human tissues reinforces this theory. Various other virulence factors are also associated with OM vesicles, including adhesins and degradative enzymes. As a result, OM vesicles are heavily laden with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), virulence factors, and other OM components that can impact the course of infection by having toxigenic effects or by the activation of the innate immune response. However, infected hosts can also benefit from OM vesicle production by stimulating their ability to mount an effective defense. Vesicles display antigens and can elicit potent inflammatory and immune responses. In sum, OM vesicles are likely to play a significant role in the virulence of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.