ArticleVaccine2010
Rotavirus enterotoxin NSP4 has mucosal adjuvant properties.
Article in Vaccine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Swine Group A rotavirus vaccines: current status, adjuvant strategies, challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Article
- NSP4 as adjuvant for immunogenicity and design of effective therapeutic HPV16 E6/E7/L1 DNA vaccine in tumor-bearing and healthy C57BL/6 mice.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- Article
- Rotavirus vaccine efficacy: current status and areas for improvement.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Review
- Analysis of NSP4 Gene and Its Association with Genotyping of Rotavirus Group A in Stool SamplesIranian biomedical journal · 2018Article
- Oral Administration of a Seed-based Bivalent Rotavirus Vaccine Containing VP6 and NSP4 Induces Specific Immune Responses in Mice.Frontiers in plant science · 2017Article
- Designing, Construction and Expression of a Recombinant Fusion Protein Comprising the Hepatitis E Virus ORF2 and Rotavirus NSP4 in the Baculovirus Expression System.Jundishapur journal of microbiology · 2016Article
- Rotavirus NSP4 Triggers Secretion of Proinflammatory Cytokines from Macrophages via Toll-Like Receptor 2.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- HSV-1 amplicon vectors launch the production of heterologous rotavirus-like particles and induce rotavirus-specific immune responses in mice.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) is a protein with pleiotropic properties. It functions in rotavirus morphogenesis, pathogenesis, and is the first described viral enterotoxin. Since many bacterial toxins function as potent mucosal adjuvants, we evaluated whether baculovirus-expressed recombinant simian rotavirus SA11 NSP4 possesses adjuvant activity by co-administering NSP4 with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), tetanus toxoid (TT) or ovalbumin (OVA) as model antigens in mice. Following intranasal immunization, NSP4 significantly enhanced both systemic and mucosal immune responses to model immunogens, as compared to the control group, in an antigen-specific manner. Both full-length and a cleavage product of SA11 NSP4 had adjuvant activity, localizing this activity to the C-terminus of the protein. NSP4 forms from virulent and avirulent porcine rotavirus OSU strain, and SA11 NSP4 localized within a 2/6-virus-like particle (VLP) also exhibited adjuvant effects. These studies suggest that the rotavirus enterotoxin NSP4 can function as an adjuvant to enhance immune responses for a co-administered antigen.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.