ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2010
Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis).
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 597 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diversification practices reduce organic to conventional yield gap.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2015Pooled it
- Article
- Novel mechanisms of atrazine endocrine disruption: an integrated approach reveals progesterone and glucocorticoid receptor targeting.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- A Review on the Effects of Atrazine on Male Rat Reproductive System Cytoarchitecture, Steroidogenesis and Oxidative Pathway.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Review
- The Threat of Micro-/Nanoplastics to Male Fertility: A Review of the Data and the Importance of Future Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Calling Phenology of Two Frog Species in South Korean Rice Paddies Using Automated Call Detection.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Article
- Enhancing the Detectable Chemical Space in an Effluent-Dominated Stream: Non-Target Analysis Reveals Potential RapidEnvironmental science & technology letters · 2025Article
- UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 signalling enhances photosynthetic resilience to herbicide-induced damage in Arabidopsis thaliana.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- Chemical Interference: A Review on Endocrine Disruptors and Reproductive Communication in Amphibians.Ecology and evolution · 2025Review
- Pesticide degradation capacity of a novel strain belonging to Serratia sarumanii with its genomic profile.Biodegradation · 2025Article
- [Open experiment: QuEChERS combined with fluorescence derivatization for the detection of atrazine and its effect on enzyme activity].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography · 2025Article
- The effect of chronic inflammation on female fertility.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- The occurrence and persistence of surface water contaminants across different landscapes.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Sex, not yeast or atrazine concentration, affects virgin adultmicroPublication biology · 2025Article
- Influence Mechanism of Vermicompost with Different Maturity on Atrazine Catabolism and Bacterial Community.Toxics · 2025Article
- Words Matter: Reflective Science Communication and Tradeoffs in Environmental Health Research.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Exploring ethylene-related genes in Cannabis sativa: implications for sexual plasticity.Plant reproduction · 2024Article
- Article
- Pharmaceutical removal from wastewater by introducing cytochrome P450s into microalgae.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Review
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The herbicide atrazine is one of the most commonly applied pesticides in the world. As a result, atrazine is the most commonly detected pesticide contaminant of ground, surface, and drinking water. Atrazine is also a potent endocrine disruptor that is active at low, ecologically relevant concentrations. Previous studies showed that atrazine adversely affects amphibian larval development. The present study demonstrates the reproductive consequences of atrazine exposure in adult amphibians. Atrazine-exposed males were both demasculinized (chemically castrated) and completely feminized as adults. Ten percent of the exposed genetic males developed into functional females that copulated with unexposed males and produced viable eggs. Atrazine-exposed males suffered from depressed testosterone, decreased breeding gland size, demasculinized/feminized laryngeal development, suppressed mating behavior, reduced spermatogenesis, and decreased fertility. These data are consistent with effects of atrazine observed in other vertebrate classes. The present findings exemplify the role that atrazine and other endocrine-disrupting pesticides likely play in global amphibian declines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.