ArticleEndocrine reviews2010
The melanocortin-4 receptor: physiology, pharmacology, and pathophysiology.
Article in Endocrine reviews, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 258 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
258 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 516 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Mutations in theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Association of MC4R rs17782313 Genotype With Energy Intake and Appetite: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Melanocortin 4 receptor agonism enhances sexual brain processing in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Trial
- Evaluation of a melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist (Setmelanotide) in MC4R deficiency.Molecular metabolism · 2017Trial
- RM-493, a melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist, increases resting energy expenditure in obese individuals.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2015Trial
- Rationale of renewed efforts in developing MC4R modulators to treat metabolic disorders.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Cardiometabolic regulation by adipocyte-derived leptin and the brain melanocortin system.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Review
- Genetic determinants of obesity: mechanisms, clinical implications, and targeted therapies.Endocrine · 2026Review
- Neuropsychological and metabolic interconnectivity in obesity, anorexia and bulimia nervosa - an integrative literature review.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Overview of Novel Mechanisms in Obesity Pharmacotherapy and Implications for Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Neural Melanocortin Receptors in Fish: Insights into Growth Regulation and Aquaculture Advancement.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Folding, misfolding, and regulation of intracellular traffic of G protein-coupled receptors involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.Andrology · 2026Review
- Functional rescue and AI analysis of a human inactivating GPCR mutation using a small molecule.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring Autosomal Dominant Non-Syndromic Monogenic Obesity: From Genes to Therapy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- In Vivo Gastric Expression of FTO and MC4R in Sleeve Gastrectomy Patients: Diagnostic Utility Without Predictive Value for Weight Loss.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Emerging roles of lipocalin-2-mediated neuroimmune interactions in chronic pain and itch.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Interplay Between Enteroendocrine Hormone (Leptin) and Adipokines (Ghrelin and Adiponectin) with Gastric Expression of FTO and MC4R Genes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pharmacological Treatment for Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Maternal monosaccharide diets modulate melanocortin-4 receptor signaling and metabolic state in rat offspring.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Article
- A peptide display system identifies a potent mutant β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone agonist of melanocortin-4 receptor.Cell genomics · 2025Article
198 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) was cloned in 1993 by degenerate PCR; however, its function was unknown. Subsequent studies suggest that the MC4R might be involved in regulating energy homeostasis. This hypothesis was confirmed in 1997 by a series of seminal studies in mice. In 1998, human genetic studies demonstrated that mutations in the MC4R gene can cause monogenic obesity. We now know that mutations in the MC4R are the most common monogenic form of obesity, with more than 150 distinct mutations reported thus far. This review will summarize the studies on the MC4R, from its cloning and tissue distribution to its physiological roles in regulating energy homeostasis, cachexia, cardiovascular function, glucose and lipid homeostasis, reproduction and sexual function, drug abuse, pain perception, brain inflammation, and anxiety. I will then review the studies on the pharmacology of the receptor, including ligand binding and receptor activation, signaling pathways, as well as its regulation. Finally, the pathophysiology of the MC4R in obesity pathogenesis will be reviewed. Functional studies of the mutant MC4Rs and the therapeutic implications, including small molecules in correcting binding and signaling defect, and their potential as pharmacological chaperones in rescuing intracellularly retained mutants, will be highlighted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.