ArticleStroke2010
Racial disparities in awareness and treatment of atrial fibrillation: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.
Article in Stroke, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial and ethnic disparities in arrhythmia care: A call for action.Heart rhythm · 2022Guideline
- Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Comparing the Impact of Implantable Loop Recorder Versus Usual Care After Ischemic Stroke for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Risk.The American journal of cardiology · 2022Pooled it
- Predictors of warfarin use in atrial fibrillation in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC family practice · 2012Pooled it
- Trial
- Neighborhood-Level Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Association of Atrial Fibrillation Symptom Burden With Social Determinants of Health.JACC. Advances · 2025Article
- The global burden of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in older adults (≥ 65 years): trends, disparities, and drivers (1990-2021).BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Decades of Shifting Trends: Arrhythmia-Related Mortalities in the United States (1968-2021) With 2040 Projections.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Ischemic Stroke in Patients Under Oral Anticoagulation: The Achilles Heel of Atrial Fibrillation Management.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- The role of atrial fibrillation in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and preventive strategies.GeroScience · 2025Review
- National Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mortality from Mechanical Complications of Cardiac Valves and Grafts (1999-2020).Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Global burden and health inequality of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease - analysis across major US national databases.Journal of the National Medical Association · 2024Article
- Discontinuation of oral anticoagulant use among nursing home residents with atrial fibrillation before hospice enrollment.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Physician responses to apple watch-detected irregular rhythm alerts.American heart journal · 2023Article
- Utility of the social vulnerability index to risk stratify atrial fibrillation mortality outcomes.Journal of arrhythmia · 2023Article
- Race, ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic disparities in anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation: A narrative review of contemporary literature.Journal of the National Medical Association · 2023Review
- Association Between Race and Length of Stay Among Stroke Patients: The National US Emergency Departments Data Set.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Transforming Atrial Fibrillation Research to Integrate Social Determinants of Health: A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop Report.JAMA cardiology · 2023Article
- Association of income and educational levels on initiation of oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with incident atrial fibrillation: A Finnish nationwide cohort study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeWarfarin reduces stroke risk by approximately 60% in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Differences in awareness and treatment of AF may contribute to racial and geographic disparities in stroke mortality. The objective was to examine predictors of awareness of the diagnosis of AF and treatment with warfarin.
methodsREasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) is a national, population-based, longitudinal study of 30,239 blacks and whites > or = 45 years old with oversampling from blacks and the southeastern stroke belt states. Participants were enrolled January 2003 to October 2007. Data were collected using telephone interview, in-home evaluation, and self-administered questionnaires. The main variable of awareness of AF was defined by a positive answer to "Has a doctor or other health professional ever told you that you had atrial fibrillation?" and whether there was evidence of treatment on the basis of an in-home medications inventory.
resultsFrom baseline electrocardiograms, 432 individuals (88 black and 344 white) had AF. Of these, 88% (360 of 409) had at least 1 additional CHADS2 stroke risk factor and 60% (258 of 432) were aware of their AF. The odds of blacks being aware of their AF were one third that of whites (OR=0.32; 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.52). Among those aware, the odds of blacks being treated with warfarin were only one fourth as great as whites (OR=0.28; 0.13 to 0.60).
conclusionBlacks were less likely than whites to be aware of having AF or to be treated with warfarin. Potential reasons for the racial disparity in warfarin treatment warrant further investigation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.