Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20184975›Full record

ArticleVaccine2010

Alphavirus replicon-based enhancement of mucosal and systemic immunity is linked to the innate response generated by primary immunization.

Daniel R Tonkin, Patricia Jorquera, Tracie Todd, Clayton W Beard, Robert E Johnston, Mario Barro

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  14. Heparan sulfate binding by natural eastern equine encephalitis viruses promotes neurovirulence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2011
    Article
  15. Progress in respiratory virus vaccine development.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2011
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Daniel R TonkinGlobal Vaccines Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Patricia Jorquera
Tracie Todd
Clayton W Beard
Robert E Johnston
Mario Barro
Global Vaccines (United States) · US

Funding

A Novel Systemic and Mucosal Adjuvant for BiodefenseU01AI070976 · NIAID · GLOBAL VACCINES, INC. · PI JOHNSTON, ROBERT E. · 2006 to 2010
$6.3M
NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI070976NIAID NIH HHS U01-AI070976
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRP) function as an effective systemic, cellular and mucosal adjuvant when codelivered with antigen, and show promise for use as a component in new and existing human vaccine formulations. We show here that VRP are effective at low dose and by intramuscular delivery, two useful features for implementation of VRP as a vaccine adjuvant. In mice receiving a prime and boost with antigen, we found that VRP are required in prime only to produce a full adjuvant effect. This outcome indicates that the events triggered during prime with VRP are sufficient to establish the nature and magnitude of the immune response to a second exposure to antigen. Events induced by VRP in the draining lymph node after prime include robust secretion of many inflammatory cytokines, upregulation of CD69 on leukocytes, and increased cellularity, with a disproportionate increase of a cell population expressing CD11c, CD11b, and F4/80. We show that antigen delivered 24h after administration of VRP does not benefit from an adjuvant effect, indicating that the events which are critical to VRP-mediated adjuvant activity occur within the first 24h. Further studies of the events induced by VRP will help elucidate the mechanism of VRP adjuvant activity and will advance the safe implementation of this adjuvant in human vaccines.

Indexed as

Adjuvants, ImmunologicAnimalsAntigensAntigens, CDCytokinesEncephalitis Virus, Venezuelan EquineFemaleImmunizationImmunization, SecondaryInjections, IntramuscularLymph NodesLymphocyte ActivationMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred C57BLTime FactorsAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntigensAntigens, CDCytokines

Identifiers

PMID20184975
PMCPMC2855431
OpenAlexW2006220225

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.