ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2010
Rearing environment affects development of the immune system in neonates.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Plasticity of intestinal gene expression profile signatures reflected by nutritional interventions in piglets.BMC genomics · 2019Pooled it
- Innate and adaptive immune responses of snatch-farrowed porcine-colostrum-deprived pigs to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination.BMC veterinary research · 2014Trial
- From mother to piglet: the lasting influence of the maternal microbiome.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- Probiotics in piglet: from gut health to pathogen defense mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Influence of the rearing system on the ileum microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome in meat rabbits.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Conjoint analysis of transcriptome and metabolome profiles of normal captivity and arch soil free-range in Meishan pigs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- A comprehensive review on infant formula: nutritional and functional constituents, recent trends in processing and its impact on infants' gut microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Effects of rearing system and antibiotic treatment on immune function, gut microbiota and metabolites of broiler chickens.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Comparison and Correlation Analysis of Immune Function and Gut Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Raised in Double-Layer Cages and Litter Floor Pens.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- The Game for Three:Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Characterisation of Early Microbial Colonisers within the Spiral Colon of Pre- and Post-Natal Piglets.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Power of Microbiome Studies: Some Considerations on Which Alpha and Beta Metrics to Use and How to Report Results.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Bovine Immunology: Implications for Dairy Cattle.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Interactions between host and gut microbiota in domestic pigs: a review.Gut microbes · 2020Review
- Porcine Colostrum Protects the IPEC-J2 Cells and Piglet Colon Epithelium againstMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Early Life Inoculation With Adult-Derived Microbiota Accelerates Maturation of Intestinal Microbiota and Enhances NK Cell Activation in Broiler Chickens.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Article
- Mucosal Immune System of Cattle: All Immune Responses Begin Here.The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice · 2019Review
- Fermentation characteristics of resistant starch, arabinoxylan, and β-glucan and their effects on the gut microbial ecology of pigs: A review.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2019Review
- Take care of the environment: housing conditions affect the interplay of nutritional interventions and intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens.Animal microbiome · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Early-life exposure to appropriate microbial flora drives expansion and development of an efficient immune system. Aberrant development results in increased likelihood of allergic disease or increased susceptibility to infection. Thus, factors affecting microbial colonization may also affect the direction of immune responses in later life. There is a need for a manipulable animal model of environmental influences on the development of microbiota and the immune system during early life. We assessed the effects of rearing under low- (farm, sow) and high-hygiene (isolator, milk formula) conditions on intestinal microbiota and immune development in neonatal piglets, because they can be removed from the mother in the first 24 h for rearing under controlled conditions and, due to placental structure, neither antibody nor antigen is transferred in utero. Microbiota in both groups was similar between 2 and 5 days. However, by 12-28 days, piglets reared on the mother had more diverse flora than siblings reared in isolators. Dendritic cells accumulated in the intestinal mucosa in both groups, but more rapidly in isolator piglets. Importantly, the minority of 2-5-day-old farm piglets whose microbiota resembled that of an older (12-28-day-old) pig also accumulated dendritic cells earlier than the other farm-reared piglets. Consistent with dendritic cell control of T cell function, the effects on T cells occurred at later time-points, and mucosal T cells from high-hygiene, isolator pigs made less interleukin (IL)-4 while systemic T cells made more IL-2. Neonatal piglets may be a valuable model for studies of the effects of interaction between microbiota and immune development on allergy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.