ArticleJournal of virology2010
T cells facilitate recovery from Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-induced encephalomyelitis in the absence of antibody.
Article in Journal of virology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Encephalitic alphavirus infection induces long-term humoral and cell-mediated responses in seropositive participants from Panama.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- A Review of the Biology of Chikungunya Virus Highlighting the Development of Current Novel Therapeutic and Prevention Approaches.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Unraveling the complexities of neurotropic virus infection and immune evasion.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- High binding potency overcomes the requirement of Fc effector functions for broadly reactive anti-alphavirus antibodies.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Neuropathogenesis of Encephalitic Alphaviruses in Non-Human Primate and Mouse Models of Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Multifocal fluorescence video-rate imaging of centimetre-wide arbitrarily shaped brain surfaces at micrometric resolution.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Codon usage bias of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and its host adaption.Virus research · 2023Article
- Distinct Cellular Tropism and Immune Responses to Alphavirus Infection.Annual review of immunology · 2022Review
- A DNA vaccine targeting VEE virus delivered by needle-free jet-injection protects macaques against aerosol challenge.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Acute RNA Viral Encephalomyelitis and the Role of Antibodies in the Central Nervous System.Viruses · 2020Review
- Interferon-Gamma Modulation of the Local T Cell Response to Alphavirus Encephalomyelitis.Viruses · 2020Article
- A Monovalent and Trivalent MVA-Based Vaccine Completely Protects Mice Against Lethal Venezuelan, Western, and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Aerosol Challenge.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Role of T Cells in Chikungunya Virus Infection and Utilizing Their Potential in Anti-Viral Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Immunopathogenesis of alphaviruses.Advances in virus research · 2020Article
- The Immune Response to Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Acquired Through Organ Transplantation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccines for Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Induce Robust Protective Immunogenicity in Mice.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2019Article
- Current Understanding of the Molecular Basis of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development.Viruses · 2019Review
- T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders.International review of cell and molecular biology · 2019Review
- Article
- A Multiagent Alphavirus DNA Vaccine Delivered by Intramuscular Electroporation Elicits Robust and Durable Virus-Specific Immune Responses in Mice and Rabbits and Completely Protects Mice against Lethal Venezuelan, Western, and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Aerosol Challenges.Journal of immunology research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus of the genus Alphavirus that is responsible for a significant disease burden in Central and South America through sporadic outbreaks into human and equid populations. For humans, 2 to 4% of cases are associated with encephalitis, and there is an overall case mortality rate of approximately 1%. In mice, replication of the virus within neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) leads to paralyzing, invariably lethal encephalomyelitis. However, mice infected with certain attenuated mutants of the virus are able to control the infection within the CNS and recover. To better define what role T cell responses might be playing in this process, we infected B cell-deficient microMT mice with a VEEV mutant that induces mild, sublethal illness in immune competent mice. Infected microMT mice rapidly developed the clinical signs of severe paralyzing encephalomyelitis but were eventually able to control the infection and recover fully from clinical illness. Recovery in this system was T cell dependent and associated with a dramatic reduction in viral titers within the CNS, followed by viral persistence in the brain. Further comparison of the relative roles of T cell subpopulations within this system revealed that CD4(+) T cells were better producers of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) than CD8(+) T cells and were more effective at controlling VEEV within the CNS. Overall, these results suggest that T cells, especially CD4(+) T cells, can successfully control VEEV infection within the CNS and facilitate recovery from a severe viral encephalomyelitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.