ArticleImplementation science : IS2010
What work has to be done to implement collaborative care for depression? Process evaluation of a trial utilizing the Normalization Process Model.
Article in Implementation science : IS, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Process evaluations of primary care interventions addressing chronic disease: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2019Pooled it
- Using Normalization Process Theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review.Implementation science : IS · 2018Pooled it
- Enablers and barriers to implementing collaborative care for anxiety and depression: a systematic qualitative review.Implementation science : IS · 2016Pooled it
- A qualitative systematic review of studies using the normalization process theory to research implementation processes.Implementation science : IS · 2014Pooled it
- A collaborative primary and mental health care model with psychologist and psychiatrist working in GP practices: process evaluation of the implementation, challenges, and sustainability.BMC health services research · 2025Trial
- Collaborative care for mental health: a qualitative study of the experiences of patients and health professionals.BMC health services research · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Development, Feasibility, and Appreciation of the Collaborative Integrated Depression Care (IDECA) Project in Flanders, Belgium.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Primary Care Physicians' Experiences with Integrated Mental Health Specialist Video Consultations-A Normalization Process Theory-Based Mixed-Methods Evaluation.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Formative qualitative research to guide implementation of the Collaborative Care Model in a low-barrier HIV clinic.AIDS care · 2025Article
- Using normalisation process theory (NPT) to explore implementation of the maternal perinatal death surveillance and response (MPDSR) policy in Uganda: a reflection.Health research policy and systems · 2024Article
- A qualitative examination of the implementation of a perinatal collaborative care program.Primary health care research & development · 2022Article
- Barriers, facilitators, and proposals for improvement in the implementation of a collaborative care program for depression: a qualitative study of primary care physicians and nurses.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Article
- Making change last? Exploring the value of sustainability approaches in healthcare: a scoping review.Health research policy and systems · 2020Article
- Ready for Prime Time? Using Normalization Process Theory to Evaluate Implementation Success of Personal Health Records Designed for Decision Making.Frontiers in digital health · 2020Article
- An interview study of the care manager function-Opening the door to continuity of care for patients with depression in primary care.Nursing open · 2019Article
- Improving the normalization of complex interventions: part 1 - development of the NoMAD instrument for assessing implementation work based on normalization process theory (NPT).BMC medical research methodology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is a considerable evidence base for 'collaborative care' as a method to improve quality of care for depression, but an acknowledged gap between efficacy and implementation. This study utilises the Normalisation Process Model (NPM) to inform the process of implementation of collaborative care in both a future full-scale trial, and the wider health economy.
methodsApplication of the NPM to qualitative data collected in both focus groups and one-to-one interviews before and after an exploratory randomised controlled trial of a collaborative model of care for depression.
resultsFindings are presented as they relate to the four factors of the NPM (interactional workability, relational integration, skill-set workability, and contextual integration) and a number of necessary tasks are identified. Using the model, it was possible to observe that predictions about necessary work to implement collaborative care that could be made from analysis of the pre-trial data relating to the four different factors of the NPM were indeed borne out in the post-trial data. However, additional insights were gained from the post-trial interview participants who, unlike those interviewed before the trial, had direct experience of a novel intervention. The professional freedom enjoyed by more senior mental health workers may work both for and against normalisation of collaborative care as those who wish to adopt new ways of working have the freedom to change their practice but are not obliged to do so.
conclusionsThe NPM provides a useful structure for both guiding and analysing the process by which an intervention is optimized for testing in a larger scale trial or for subsequent full-scale implementation.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.