ArticleBMC microbiology2010
The ecology of nasal colonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus: the role of competition and interactions with host's immune response.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus co-colonization in healthy children under five years: a systematic review.BMC pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Epidemiological Markers for Interactions Among Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus in Upper Respiratory Tract Carriage.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Effects of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D-conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization in young children: a randomized controlled trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2013Trial
- Pneumococcal Detection and Bacterial Co-Detection in Children After COVID-19: A Two-Year Multiplex PCR Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Characterization ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Respiratory bacteriome and its predicted functional profiles in blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Computational and in vitro evaluation of probiotic treatments for nasalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- An engineered peptide derived from the innate immune effector high-mobility group box 1 disrupts and prevents dual-genera biofilms formed by common respiratory tract pathogens.FEMS microbiology letters · 2025Article
- Characterization of bacterial and viral pathogens in the respiratory tract of children with HIV-associated chronic lung disease: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The Microbiome and Pediatric Transplantation.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Review
- Investigation of Upper Respiratory Carriage of Bacterial Pathogens among University Students in Kampar, Malaysia.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Immune-mediated competition benefits protective microbes over pathogens in a novel host species.Heredity · 2022Article
- Monoclonal antibodies that target extracellular DNABII proteins or the type IV pilus of nontypeableBiofilm · 2022Article
- Bacterial colonization of the upper airways of children positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Heme cross-feeding can augment Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis dual species biofilms.The ISME journal · 2022Article
- Selection ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Occurrence of influenza and bacterial infections in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy in Ghana.PloS one · 2022Article
- Resident bacteria contribute to opportunistic infections of the respiratory tract.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Friend or Foe: Interbacterial Competition in the Nasal Cavity.Journal of bacteriology · 2021Review
- Impact of Temporal pH Fluctuations on the Coexistence of Nasal Bacteria in anFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe first step in invasive disease caused by the normally commensal bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae is their colonization of the nasal passages. For any population to colonize a new habitat it is necessary for it to be able to compete with the existing organisms and evade predation. In the case of colonization of these species the competition is between strains of the same and different species of bacteria and the predation is mediated by the host's immune response. Here, we use a neonatal rat model to explore these elements of the ecology of nasal colonization by these occasionally invasive bacteria.
resultsWhen neonatal rats are colonized by any one of these species the density of bacteria in the nasal passage rapidly reaches a steady-state density that is species-specific but independent of inoculum size. When novel populations of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae are introduced into the nasal passages of neonatal rats with established populations of the same species, residents and invaders coexisted. However, this was not the case for S. aureus - the established population inhibited invasion of new S. aureus populations. In mixed-species introductions, S. aureus or S. pneumoniae facilitated the invasion of another H. influenzae population; for other pairs the interaction was antagonistic and immune-mediated. For example, under some conditions H. influenzae promoted an immune response which limited the invasion of S. pneumoniae.
conclusionsNasal colonization is a dynamic process with turnover of new strains and new species. These results suggest that multiple strains of either H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae can coexist; in contrast, S. aureus strains require a host to have no other S. aureus present to colonize. Levels of colonization (and hence the possible risk of invasive disease) by H. influenzae are increased in hosts pre-colonized with either S. aureus or S. pneumoniae.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.