ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2010
Gallstones play a significant role in Salmonella spp. gallbladder colonization and carriage.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 173 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
173 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cholelithiasis increased prostate cancer risk: evidence from a case-control study and a meta-analysis.BMC urology · 2022Pooled it
- Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and gallbladder cancer: a case-control study and meta-analysis.Cancer medicine · 2016Pooled it
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- Antibiotic-recalcitrant Salmonella during infection.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Assessing Salmonella Typhi Pathogenicity and Prevention: The Crucial Role of Vaccination in Combating Typhoid Fever.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi can colonize the gallbladder and persist in an asymptomatic carrier state that is frequently associated with the presence of gallstones. We have shown that salmonellae form bile-mediated biofilms on human gallstones and cholesterol-coated surfaces in vitro. Here, we test the hypothesis that biofilms on cholesterol gallbladder stones facilitate typhoid carriage in mice and men. Naturally resistant (Nramp1(+/+)) mice fed a lithogenic diet developed cholesterol gallstones that supported biofilm formation during persistent serovar Typhimurium infection and, as a result, demonstrated enhanced fecal shedding and enhanced colonization of gallbladder tissue and bile. In typhoid endemic Mexico City, 5% of enrolled cholelithiasis patients carried serovar Typhi, and bacterial biofilms could be visualized on gallstones from these carriers whereas significant biofilms were not detected on gallstones from Escherichia coli infected gallbladders. These findings offer direct evidence that gallstone biofilms occur in humans and mice, which facilitate gallbladder colonization and shedding.
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