ReviewCurrent directions in autoimmunity2010
TNF-alpha: an activator of CD4+FoxP3+TNFR2+ regulatory T cells.
Review in Current directions in autoimmunity, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02765126 (Clifford Craig Vaccine Trial Centre), which is not on this map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clifford Craig Vaccine Trial Centre: Heterologous Effect of Diptheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis Vaccination on Influenza Vaccine Challenge in the Elderly
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adaptive immunity in ankylosing spondylitis: phenotype and functional alterations of T-cells before and during infliximab therapy.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Trial
- Article
- A simple and broadly applicable nanobody-based approach to generate potent TNFR agonists.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Pneumococcal transmission is driven by TNFR2+ regulatory T-cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The role of adipose tissue in critical illness-induced skeletal muscle wasting-new considerations for treatment approaches.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2025Review
- The Role of TNF-α in Neuropathic Pain: An Immunotherapeutic Perspective.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cytokines in sepsis: a critical review of the literature on systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Blockade of TNF-α/TNFR2 signalling suppresses colorectal cancer and enhances the efficacy of anti-PD1 immunotherapy by decreasing CCR8+T regulatory cells.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2024Article
- The Immunosuppressive Effect of TNFR2 Expression in the Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- TNF+ regulatory T cells regulate the stemness of gastric cancer cells through the IL13/STAT3 pathway.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Editorial: The role of TNF-TNFR2 signal in immunosuppressive cells and its therapeutic implications, volume II.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Tumor Necrosis Factor: What Is in a Name?Cancers · 2022Review
- The effects of TNF-α/TNFR2 in regulatory T cells on the microenvironment and progression of gastric cancer.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- TNFR2 Costimulation Differentially Impacts Regulatory and Conventional CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- A TNFR2 antibody by countering immunosuppression cooperates with HMGN1 and R848 immune stimulants to inhibit murine colon cancer.International immunopharmacology · 2021Article
- TNF-TNFR2 Signal Plays a Decisive Role in the Activation of CD4Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Structural optimization of a TNFR1-selective antagonistic TNFα mutant to create new-modality TNF-regulating biologics.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
- Location First: Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia Within Its Niche.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Rebalancing Immune Homeostasis to Treat Autoimmune Diseases.Trends in immunology · 2019Review
- Inhibition of transmembrane TNF-α shedding by a specific antibody protects against septic shock.Cell death & disease · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
TNF-alpha (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine which can have proinflammatory or immunosuppressive effects, depending on the context, duration of exposure and disease state. The basis for the opposing actions of TNF remains elusive. The growing appreciation of CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which comprise approximately 10% of peripheral CD4 cells, as pivotal regulators of immune responses has provided a new framework to define the cellular and molecular basis underlying the contrasting action of TNF. TNF by itself can overcome the profound anergic state of T cell receptor-stimulated Tregs. Furthermore, in concert with IL-2, TNF selectively activates Tregs, resulting in proliferation, upregulation of FoxP3 expression and increases in their suppressive activity. Both human and mouse Tregs predominantly express TNFR2, making it possible for TNF to enhance Treg activity, which helps limit the collateral damage caused by excessive immune responses and eventually terminates immune response. TNFR2-expressing CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs comprise approximately 40% of peripheral Tregs in normal mice and present the maximally suppressive subset of Tregs. In this review, studies describing the action of TNF on Treg function will be discussed. The role of Tregs in the autoimmune disorders and cancer as well as the effect of anti-TNF therapy on Tregs, especially in rheumatoid arthritis, will also be considered.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.