ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2010
Racial and social class gradients in life expectancy in contemporary California.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Stress-Induced Eating Among Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States: a Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2021Pooled it
- Disaggregation of Green Space Access, Walkability, and Behavioral Risk Factor Data for Precise Estimation of Local Population Characteristics.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Neighborhood Health and Outcomes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2024Article
- Life expectancy by county, race, and ethnicity in the USA, 2000-19: a systematic analysis of health disparities.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Article
- Google Street View-Derived Neighborhood Characteristics in California Associated with Coronary Heart Disease, Hypertension, Diabetes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Neighborhood disadvantage and the sales of unhealthy products: alcohol, tobacco and unhealthy snack food.BMC public health · 2021Article
- The presence of Superfund sites as a determinant of life expectancy in the United States.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Association of Neighborhood Deprivation With Epigenetic Aging Using 4 Clock Metrics.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- Analyzing Associations Between Chronic Disease Prevalence and Neighborhood Quality Through Google Street View Images.IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions · 2020Article
- How Energy Consumption and Pollutant Emissions Affect the Disparity of Public Health in Countries with High Fossil Energy Consumption.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Using Google Street View to examine associations between built environment characteristics and U.S. health outcomes.Preventive medicine reports · 2019Article
- Modeling Health Disparities and Outcomes in Disenfranchised Populations.Community mental health journal · 2019Article
- Socioeconomic Status, Financial Strain, and Leukocyte Telomere Length in a Sample of African American Midlife Men.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2018Article
- Workplace health and safety intervention for child care staff: Rationale, design, and baseline results from the CARE cluster randomized control trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2018Article
- Neighbourhood looking glass: 360º automated characterisation of the built environment for neighbourhood effects research.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2018Article
- Sub-County Life Expectancy: A Tool to Improve Community Health and Advance Health Equity.Preventing chronic disease · 2018Article
- Population-Level Differences in Rectal Cancer Survival in Uninsured Patients Are Partially Explained by Differences in Treatment.The oncologist · 2017Article
- Leveraging geotagged Twitter data to examine neighborhood happiness, diet, and physical activity.Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England) · 2016Article
- Life Expectancy Varies in Local Communities in Chicago: Racial and Spatial Disparities and Correlates.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2015Article
- Intersection of Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status in Mortality After Breast Cancer.Journal of community health · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Life expectancy, or the estimated average age of death, is among the most basic measures of a population's health. However, monitoring differences in life expectancy among sociodemographically defined populations has been challenging, at least in the United States (US), because death certification does not include collection of markers of socioeconomic status (SES). In order to understand how SES and race/ethnicity independently and jointly affected overall health in a contemporary US population, we assigned a small-area-based measure of SES to all 689,036 deaths occurring in California during a three-year period (1999-2001) overlapping the most recent US census. Residence at death was geocoded to the smallest census area available (block group) and assigned to a quintile of a multifactorial SES index. We constructed life tables using mortality rates calculated by age, sex, race/ethnicity and neighborhood SES quintile, and produced corresponding life expectancy estimates. We found a 19.6 (+/-0.6) year gap in life expectancy between the sociodemographic groups with the longest life expectancy (highest SES quintile of Asian females; 84.9 years) and the shortest (lowest SES quintile of African-American males; 65.3 years). A positive SES gradient in life expectancy was observed among whites and African-Americans but not Hispanics or Asians. Age-specific mortality disparities varied among groups. Race/ethnicity and neighborhood SES had substantial and independent influences on life expectancy, underscoring the importance of monitoring health outcomes simultaneously by these factors. African-American males living in the poorest 20% of California neighborhoods had life expectancy comparable to that reported for males living in developing countries. Neighborhood SES represents a readily-available metric for ongoing surveillance of health disparities in the US.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.