ArticlePopulation health metrics2010
Using breath carbon monoxide to validate self-reported tobacco smoking in remote Australian Indigenous communities.
Article in Population health metrics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04982978 (The Effectiveness of the Protection Motivation Theory in Reducing Vaping Behaviour in a Student Population), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effectiveness of the Protection Motivation Theory in Reducing Vaping Behaviour in a Student Population
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cessation classification likelihood increases with higher expired-air carbon monoxide cutoffs: a meta-analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Trial
- Comparison of the Bluetooth iCOquit, piCO, and Vitalograph for the assessment of breath carbon monoxide among adults initiating smoking cessation and standardized canisters.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- A Smartphone App to Assist Smoking Cessation Among Aboriginal Australians: Findings From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2019Trial
- Using incentives to encourage smoking abstinence among pregnant indigenous women? A feasibility study.Maternal and child health journal · 2015Trial
- A randomized controlled trial of smartphone-based mindfulness training for smoking cessation: a study protocol.BMC psychiatry · 2015Trial
- Motivational Interviewing for encouraging quit attempts among unmotivated smokers: study protocol of a randomized, controlled, efficacy trial.BMC public health · 2012Trial
- Assessment of carbon monoxide in exhaled breath using smokerlyzer among in-school adolescents in Osun State: A cross sectional study.PloS one · 2026Article
- The impact of COVID-19 on smoking cessation services with insights for post-pandemic delivery.PloS one · 2024Article
- Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Level and Practices among Tobacco and Nicotine Adult Users in Klang Valley, Malaysia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Smoking quit rates among patients receiving pharmacotherapy who received general practitioner counselling versus intensive counselling: a retrospective cohort study.BMC primary care · 2022Article
- Article
- Determining Optimal Cutoffs for Exhaled Carbon Monoxide and Salivary Cotinine to Identify Smokers among Korean Americans in a Smoking Cessation Clinical Trial.Journal of smoking cessation · 2021Article
- Internet-Delivered Tobacco Treatment for People Using Cannabis: A Randomized Trial in Two Australian Cannabis Clinics.JMIR formative research · 2020Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Quit rates at 6 months in a pharmacist-led smoking cessation service in Malaysia.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPC · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis paper examines the specificity and sensitivity of a breath carbon monoxide (BCO) test and optimum BCO cutoff level for validating self-reported tobacco smoking in Indigenous Australians in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory (NT).
methodsIn a sample of 400 people (>/=16 years) interviewed about tobacco use in three communities, both self-reported smoking and BCO data were recorded for 309 study participants. Of these, 249 reported smoking tobacco within the preceding 24 hours, and 60 reported they had never smoked or had not smoked tobacco for >/=6 months. The sample was opportunistically recruited using quotas to reflect age and gender balances in the communities where the combined Indigenous populations comprised 1,104 males and 1,215 females (>/=16 years). Local Indigenous research workers assisted researchers in interviewing participants and facilitating BCO tests using a portable hand-held analyzer.
resultsA BCO cutoff of >/=7 parts per million (ppm) provided good agreement between self-report and BCO (96.0% sensitivity, 93.3% specificity). An alternative cutoff of >/=5 ppm increased sensitivity from 96.0% to 99.6% with no change in specificity (93.3%). With data for two self-reported nonsmokers who also reported that they smoked cannabis removed from the analysis, specificity increased to 96.6%.
conclusionIn these disadvantaged Indigenous populations, where data describing smoking are few, testing for BCO provides a practical, noninvasive, and immediate method to validate self-reported smoking. In further studies of tobacco smoking in these populations, cannabis use should be considered where self-reported nonsmokers show high BCO.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.