ArticleClinical & developmental immunology2009
Association of TLR4-T399I polymorphism with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in smokers.
Article in Clinical & developmental immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Taking its TOLL: the role of toll-like receptor 4 in human health and disease, and its potential as a therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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- Altered levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-5 depend on theFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Targeting of TLR4 for Inflammation, Infection, and Cancer: A Perspective for Disaccharide Lipid A Mimetics.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- IncreasedDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Functional variations of the TLR4 gene in association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary tuberculosis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2019Article
- TLRs in pulmonary diseases.Life sciences · 2019Review
- Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms in Saudi population with cardiovascular diseases.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2019Article
- Role of miRNA-181a-2-3p in cadmium-induced inflammatory responses of human bronchial epithelial cells.Journal of thoracic disease · 2019Article
- Endothelial toll-like receptor 4 maintains lung integrity via epigenetic suppression of p16Aging cell · 2019Article
- Article
- Immune-related gene polymorphisms in pulmonary diseases.Toxicology · 2017Review
- TLR9 expression is required for the development of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2016Article
- Molecular Regulation of Toll-like Receptors in Asthma and COPD.Frontiers in physiology · 2015Review
- Impaired Innate COPD Alveolar Macrophage Responses and Toll-Like Receptor-9 Polymorphisms.PloS one · 2015Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor deficiency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2014Article
- Role of infections.Clinics in chest medicine · 2014Review
- Non-essential role for TLR2 and its signaling adaptor Mal/TIRAP in preserving normal lung architecture in mice.PloS one · 2013Article
- The association of down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 expression with airflow limitation and emphysema in smokers.Respiratory research · 2012Article
- The role of Toll-like receptors in age-associated lung diseases.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tobacco smoking has been considered the most important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development. However, not all smokers develop COPD and other environmental and genetic susceptibility factors underlie disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have indicated that the impairment of TLR signaling might play a crucial role in the development of emphysema. For this purpose we investigated the prevalence and any possible associations of common TLR polymorphisms (TLR2-R753Q, TLR4-D299G, and TLR4-T399I) in a group of 240 heavy smokers (>20 pack years), without overt atherosclerosis disease, of whom 136 had developed COPD and 104 had not. The presence of TLR4-T399I polymorphism was associated with a 2.4-fold increased risk for COPD development (P = .044), but not with disease stage or frequency of exacerbations. Considering that infections contribute to COPD and emphysema pathogenesis, our findings possibly indicate that dysfunctional polymorphisms of innate immune genes can affect the development of COPD in smokers. Although this finding warrants further investigation, it highlights the importance of impaired innate immunity towards COPD development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.