ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2010
Molecular mechanisms of microcystin toxicity in animal cells.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 159 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
159 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 490 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Modulatory role of L-carnitine against microcystin-LR-induced immunotoxicity and oxidative stress in common carp.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2017Trial
- Cyanopeptide Mixtures Induce Variable Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects Across Diverse Human Cell Lines.Environmental toxicology · 2026Article
- Sub-Nanomolar Detection and Discrimination of Microcystin Congeners Using Aerolysin Nanopores.ACS nano · 2026Article
- Article
- HABS-BLOCKS© Reduced Harmful Algal Bloom Activity in an in-Lake Limno-Corral Mesocosm Case Study at Grand Lake St. Marys, Ohio (USA).Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology · 2026Article
- Transporter-Mediated Uptake of Microcystin-LR in Human Trophoblasts: Regulation By Oxygen Concentration and Cell Fusion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Microcystis aeruginosa detected in freshwater lakes in Meghalaya, India show strong hepatotoxicity.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- The Potential of Non-Ribosomal Peptide Engineering for Creating New Antimicrobial Complexes.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- In Situ Determination of Chlorella Concentration Using Single Entity Electrochemistry.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Microcystin-LR-Induced Oxidative Stress, Transcriptome Changes, Intestinal Microbiota, and Histopathology inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Female reproductive impacts of emerging cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom toxins.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Article
- Elucidation of Mechanisms by Which Microplastics (PET) Facilitates the Rapid Growth of Benthic Cyanobacteria and Toxin Production in Aquatic Ecosystems.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Microcystin-LR and its health impacts: Chemistry, transmission routes, mechanisms of toxicity and target organs.Toxicology reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Discovery of Novel Hydroxyproline-Containing Microcystins in Western Lake Erie Cyanobacterial Bloom Samples.ACS ES&T water · 2025Article
- Health and Environmental Impacts of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins from Freshwater to Seawater.Toxins · 2025Review
- A short-term sublethal oral exposure to microcystin-LR disrupts cecal microbiome homeostasis in mallard.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Article
- The Chemistry of Phytoplankton.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
99 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microcystins (MC) are potent hepatotoxins produced by the cyanobacteria of the genera Planktothrix, Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Nostoc and Anabaena. These cyclic heptapeptides have strong affinity to serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PPs) thereby acting as an inhibitor of this group of enzymes. Through this interaction a cascade of events responsible for the MC cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in animal cells may take place. Moreover MC induces oxidative stress in animal cells and together with the inhibition of PPs, this pathway is considered to be one of the main mechanisms of MC toxicity. In recent years new insights on the key enzymes involved in the signal-transduction and toxicity have been reported demonstrating the complexity of the interaction of these toxins with animal cells. Key proteins involved in MC up-take, biotransformation and excretion have been identified, demonstrating the ability of aquatic animals to metabolize and excrete the toxin. MC have shown to interact with the mitochondria. The consequences are the dysfunction of the organelle, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis. MC activity leads to the differential expression/activity of transcriptional factors and protein kinases involved in the pathways of cellular differentiation, proliferation and tumor promotion activity. This activity may result from the direct inhibition of the protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. This review aims to summarize the increasing data regarding the molecular mechanisms of MC toxicity in animal systems, reporting for direct MC interacting proteins and key enzymes in the process of toxicity biotransformation/excretion of these cyclic peptides.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.