ArticleCell host & microbe2010
Influenza virus-induced glucocorticoids compromise innate host defense against a secondary bacterial infection.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influenza and tuberculosis co-infection: A systematic review.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2020Pooled it
- Cortisol total/CRP ratio for the prediction of hospital-acquired pneumonia and initiation of corticosteroid therapy in traumatic brain-injured patients.Critical care (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Article
- Human pneumovirus induces IFN-dependent expression of the immune-responsive gene 1 and is inhibited by 4-octyl itaconate in human macrophages.NAR molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Environmental stress drives clearance of a persistent enteric virus in mice.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Inhibition of neutrophil swarming by type I interferon promotes intracellular bacterial evasion.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Impaired glucocorticoid receptor function attenuates herpes simplex virus 1 production during explant-induced reactivation from latency in female mice.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Review
- Tumors produce glucocorticoids by metabolite recycling, not synthesis, and activate Tregs to promote growth.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Eight influenza virus cellular manipulations which can boost concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infections to severe outcomes.Human cell · 2023Review
- Opportunistic Fungal Invasion in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Review in Diagnosis and Management.Avicenna journal of medicine · 2023Review
- Impact of influenza virus infection on lung microbiome in adults with severe pneumonia.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2023Article
- Co-infection of mice with SARS-CoV-2 andFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- InvasiveDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- COVID-19-associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Case Series.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2022Article
- Cell-Specific Immune Regulation by Glucocorticoids in Murine Models of Infection and Inflammation.Cells · 2022Review
- Type I IFN Signaling Is Essential for Preventing IFN-γ Hyperproduction and Subsequent Deterioration of Antibacterial Immunity during Postinfluenza Pneumococcal Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Pathogenesis of pneumonia and acute lung injury.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2022Review
- Identification of Nifurtimox and Chrysin as Anti-Influenza Virus Agents by Clinical Transcriptome Signature Reversion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Multicellular organisms are continuously exposed to many different pathogens. Because different classes of pathogens require different types of immune responses, understanding how an ongoing immune response to one type of infection affects the host's ability to respond to another pathogen is essential for a complete understanding of host-pathogen interactions. Here, we used a mouse model of coinfection to gain insight into the effect of respiratory influenza virus infection on a subsequent systemic bacterial infection. We found that influenza infection triggered a generalized stress response leading to a sustained increase in serum glucocorticoid levels, resulting in a systemic suppression of immune responses. However, virus-induced glucocorticoid production was necessary to control the inflammatory response and prevent lethal immunopathology during coinfection. This study demonstrates that activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis controls the balance between immune defense and immunopathology and is an important component of the host response to coinfection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.