ArticleEnvironmental science & technology2010
Potential for misidentification of environmentally persistent free radicals as molecular pollutants in particulate matter.
Article in Environmental science & technology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urea Inhibits the Formation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals as well as Accelerates Their Decay.ACS omega · 2026Article
- pH-Dependent Activation of EPFRs and Kinetics of Hydroxyl Radical Generation.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Multiphase OH Oxidation of Bisphenols: Chemical Transformation and Persistence in the Environment.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Primary Processes of Depolymerization of Lignin Dispersed into Gas Phase.Energy & fuels : an American Chemical Society journal · 2025Article
- A case study of long-term disease burden in a rural community near an open burn facility.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Article
- The Effect of α-FeToxics · 2024Article
- Oxidation 1-methyl naphthalene based on the synergy of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and PAHs in particulate matter (PM) surface.Chemosphere · 2023Article
- Environmentally persistent free radicals: Methods for combustion generation, whole-body inhalation and assessing cardiopulmonary consequences.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2023Article
- Metal-Free Biomass-Derived Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (Bio-EPFRs) from Lignin Pyrolysis.ACS omega · 2022Article
- Article
- A critical review of environmentally persistent free radical (EPFR) solvent extraction methodology and retrieval efficiency.Chemosphere · 2021Review
- Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals: Insights on a New Class of Pollutants.Environmental science & technology · 2018Article
- Effect of Particulate Matter Mineral Composition on Environmentally Persistent Free Radical (EPFR) Formation.Environmental science & technology · 2017Article
- Air pollution, UV irradiation and skin carcinogenesis: what we know, where we stand and what is likely to happen in the future?Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2017Review
- Addressing Emerging Risks: Scientific and Regulatory Challenges Associated with Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Review
- Catechol degradation on hematite/silica-gas interface as affected by gas composition and the formation of environmentally persistent free radicals.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Model System Study of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals Formation in a Semiconducting Polymer Modified Copper Clay System at Ambient Temperature.RSC advances · 2016Article
- Formation of environmentally persistent free radical (EPFR) in iron(III) cation-exchanged smectite clay.Environmental science. Processes & impacts · 2016Article
- Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs). 3. Free versus bound hydroxyl radicals in EPFR aqueous solutions.Environmental science & technology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been shown to form on the surfaces of various types of transition metal-containing particulate matter (PM), and it has been demonstrated they are capable of initiating adverse health impacts. Following sonification and solvent extraction for chemical analysis, they are partially converted to molecular species. Alcoholic solvents extracted the EPFRs with near 100% efficiency, while nonpolar hydrocarbon solvents exhibited <20% efficiency and dichloromethane exhibited 20-55% efficiency. The extracted radicals reacted in solution to form multiple molecular reaction products including catechol, hydroquinone, phenol, chlorinated phenols, dibenzo-p-dioxin, and dibenzofuran. This suggests that EPFRs in environmental samples are indistinguishable from molecular pollutants and are subject to misidentification as molecular adsorbates when traditional extraction and chemical analysis methods are employed. On the basis of these findings, the origin of the toxicity of particulate matter contaminated with toxic organic compounds should be considered for re-evaluation to include the possibility that EPFRs may be a significant contributor, and the impact of some molecular pollutants may have been overestimated.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.