Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20146558›Full record

SynthesisJournal of neurotrauma2011

A systematic review of non-invasive pharmacologic neuroprotective treatments for acute spinal cord injury.

Brian K Kwon, Elena Okon, Jessica Hillyer, Cody Mann, Darryl Baptiste, Lynne C Weaver, Michael G Fehlings, Wolfram Tetzlaff

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of neurotrauma, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06587841 (Noninvasive Spinal Cord Neuromodulation to Improve Lower Urinary Tract Function After Spinal Cord Injury in Ukrainian War Veterans), which is not on this map. Cited by 105 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
15.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06587841 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Noninvasive Spinal Cord Neuromodulation to Improve Lower Urinary Tract Function After Spinal Cord Injury in Ukrainian War Veterans

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of British ColumbiaRan2024 to 2027Enrolled60ConditionsSpinal Cord Injuries, Bowel Dysfunction, Sexual Dysfunction, Autonomic DysfunctionArmsSpinal COrd NEuromodulation™ (SCONE™) for transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSCS)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 290 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Trial
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  10. Review
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  12. A pH-responsive and self-healing CEC/PEG-(CHO)Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Delayed atorvastatin delivery promotes recovery after experimental spinal cord injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Brian K KwonUniversity of British Columbia, Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program, Department of Orthopaedics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. brian.kwon@vch.ca
Elena Okon
Jessica Hillyer
Cody Mann
Darryl Baptiste
Lynne C Weaver
Michael G Fehlings
Wolfram Tetzlaff
University of British Columbia · CAToronto Western Hospital · CAUniversity of Toronto · CAWestern University · CA

Funding

Canadian Institutes of Health Research
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An increasing number of therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI) are emerging from the laboratory and seeking translation into human clinical trials. Many of these are administered as soon as possible after injury with the hope of attenuating secondary damage and maximizing the extent of spared neurologic tissue. In this article, we systematically review the available pre-clinical research on such neuroprotective therapies that are administered in a non-invasive manner for acute SCI. Specifically, we review treatments that have a relatively high potential for translation due to the fact that they are already used in human clinical applications, or are available in a form that could be administered to humans. These include: erythropoietin, NSAIDs, anti-CD11d antibodies, minocycline, progesterone, estrogen, magnesium, riluzole, polyethylene glycol, atorvastatin, inosine, and pioglitazone. The literature was systematically reviewed to examine studies in which an in-vivo animal model was utilized to assess the efficacy of the therapy in a traumatic SCI paradigm. Using these criteria, 122 studies were identified and reviewed in detail. Wide variations exist in the animal species, injury models, and experimental designs reported in the pre-clinical literature on the therapies reviewed. The review highlights the extent of investigation that has occurred in these specific therapies, and points out gaps in our knowledge that would be potentially valuable prior to human translation.

Indexed as

AnimalsDisease Models, AnimalHumansNeuroprotective AgentsSpinal Cord InjuriesTreatment OutcomeNeuroprotective Agents

Identifiers

PMID20146558
PMCPMC3143410
OpenAlexW2120990276

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.