ArticleJournal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)
Tumor secretion of VEGF induces endothelial cells to suppress T cell functions through the production of PGE2.
Article in Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical activity and safety of combination therapy with temsirolimus and bevacizumab for advanced melanoma: a phase II trial (CTEP 7190/Mel47).Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2013Trial
- Therapeutic cancer vaccines: development, challenges, and future perspectives.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Metabolic Barriers to Cancer Immunotherapy: Multiscale Mechanisms from Organelle Dysfunction to Organ-Specific Constraints.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- A comprehensive review of mechanisms underlying resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CDKN1A and cellular senescence are associated with immune resistance in advanced lung adenocarcinoma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Cell-cycle-related transcriptional factor DLX4: a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Clinical significance of preoperative serum VEGF in predicting metachronous liver metastasis of colorectal cancer: development of a novel nomogram.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Bioengineering a Patient-Derived Vascularized Lung Tumor-on-Chip Model to Decipher Immunomodulation by the Endothelium.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Glioma stem cells: drivers of tumor progression and recurrence.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- Aspirin-triggered DHA metabolites inhibit angiogenesis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The pivotal role of tertiary lymphoid structures in the tumor immune microenvironment.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- The Role of Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Their Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The crossroad between tumor and endothelial cells.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Exploring the crosstalk between endothelial cells, immune cells, and immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment: new insights and therapeutic implications.Cell death & disease · 2023Review
- Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells shuttling miR-503Oncoimmunology · 2022Article
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages Regulate PD-1/PD-L1 Immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Tumor Endothelial Cell-A Biological Tool for Translational Cancer Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and immune function during dietary supplement treatment of elderly with Alzheimer's dementia.Journal of clinical and translational research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Endothelial cells are potent regulators of immune cell functions and have therefore been examined to determine their role in tumor-induced immune suppression. Previous studies by our laboratory showed that exposure to Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-secreted products induced endothelial cells to suppress T-cell functions in vitro. The current studies examined in vitro and in vivo the mechanism by which tumors induce the formation of suppressor endothelial cells and the means by which suppressor endothelial cells disrupt T-cell functions. In vitro studies demonstrated that inhibition of tumor-derived VEGF with neutralizing antibodies or treatment of endothelial cells with the VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, SU5416, prevented endothelial cells from being induced to suppress T-cell functions. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with SU5416 blocked the development of endothelial cells that are suppressive to CD4 and CD8 T-cell functions. We next examined the role of suppressor endothelial cell-derived PGE2 in the inhibition of T-cell functions. Abrogation of endothelial cell PGE2 production in vitro with indomethacin prevented tumor-conditioned media from stimulating endothelial cell production of immune inhibitory activity toward T-cell functions. Similar treatment of endothelial cells from lungs of tumor-bearing mice blocked their capacity to produce T-cell-inhibitory mediators. These studies demonstrate that tumor-derived VEGF induces endothelial cells to upregulate production of PGE2 which, in turn, leads to suppression of T-cell functions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.