ArticleCancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)2010
Parity-induced decrease in systemic growth hormone alters mammary gland signaling: a potential role in pregnancy protection from breast cancer.
Article in Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative Stress, Parity History, and Remnant Follicles in the Aged Ovary: Insights on Ovarian Cancer Risk and Protection.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Pregnancy Inhibits Mammary Carcinogenesis by Persistently Altering the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis.Cancers · 2021Article
- Differential effect of parity on rat mammary carcinogenesis after pre- or post-pubertal exposure to radiation.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding protein-3 in relation to terminal duct lobular unit involution of the normal breast in Caucasian and African American women: The Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank.International journal of cancer · 2018Article
- Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and terminal duct lobular unit involution of the breast: a cross-sectional study of women with benign breast disease.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2016Article
- Potential Mechanisms underlying the Protective Effect of Pregnancy against Breast Cancer: A Focus on the IGF Pathway.Frontiers in oncology · 2016Review
- Targeted DNA Methylation Screen in the Mouse Mammary Genome Reveals a Parity-Induced Hypermethylation of Igf1r That Persists Long after Parturition.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2015Article
- Article
- Collagen architecture in pregnancy-induced protection from breast cancer.Journal of cell science · 2013Article
- Mammographic density, parity and age at first birth, and risk of breast cancer: an analysis of four case-control studies.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2012Article
- Ovarian hormones and reproductive risk factors for breast cancer in premenopausal women: the Norwegian EBBA-I study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2011Article
- Chemoprevention of hormone receptor-negative breast cancer: new approaches needed.Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Early full-term pregnancy is an effective natural protection against breast cancer in both humans and experimental rodents. The protective effect of an early pregnancy is, in part, linked to changes in circulating hormones that are involved in both normal breast development and breast cancer. For example, a reduction in circulating growth hormone (GH) has been shown to protect rats from carcinogen-induced mammary tumors. We examined the ability of a full-term pregnancy to alter the endocrine GH/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis and how this change affected normal mammary gland function in two commonly used rat models (Sprague-Dawley and Wistar Furth). Circulating GH and IGF-I were measured in blood drawn every 30 minutes from parous and age-matched virgin female rats. Mean serum GH levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in parous compared with age-matched virgin rats for both strains. Changes in GH levels were independent of estrous cycle, indicated by a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in circulating levels of GH during estrus and diestrus in both parous strains. Despite the decrease in circulating GH, pituitary GH mRNA levels were unaltered in parous rats. Circulating IGF-I and hepatic IGF-I mRNA were also unaltered by parity in either rat strain. Immunoblot analysis of mammary glands showed decreases in phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A and Janus-activated kinase 2, suggesting reduced action of GH in the mammary gland. Therefore, although the parity reduction in circulating GH does not affect circulating IGF-I levels, it is possible that reduced GH acts directly at the mammary gland and may play a role in pregnancy protection from breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.