ArticleInfection and immunity2010
Concomitant infection decreases the malaria burden but escalates relapsing fever borreliosis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Malaria Coinfections Worldwide: An Umbrella Systematic Review of Prevalence and Epidemiological Patterns.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Article
- The Cross-Species Immunity During AcuteFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Pathogenesis of Relapsing Fever.Current issues in molecular biology · 2021Review
- Lessons Learned for Pathogenesis, Immunology, and Disease of Erythrocytic Parasites:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Immunological Responses to the Relapsing Fever SpirocheteInfection and immunity · 2019Article
- Investigating disease severity in an animal model of concurrent babesiosis and Lyme disease.International journal for parasitology · 2019Review
- Article
- Article
- Aetiologic Agents of Fevers of Unknown Origin among Patients in Benin City, Nigeria.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2014Article
- Global host metabolic response to Plasmodium vivax infection: a 1H NMR based urinary metabonomic study.Malaria journal · 2011Article
- Multiplex 5' nuclease-quantitative PCR for diagnosis of relapsing fever in a large Tanzanian cohort.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
About 500 million cases of malaria occur annually. However, a substantial number of patients who actually have relapsing fever (RF) Borrelia infection can be misdiagnosed with malaria due to similar manifestations and geographic distributions of the two diseases. More alarmingly, a high prevalence of concomitant infections with malaria and RF Borrelia has been reported. Therefore, we used a mouse model to study the effects of such mixed infection. We observed a 21-fold increase in spirochete titers, whereas the numbers of parasitized erythrocytes were reduced 15-fold. This may be explained by polarization of the host immune response toward the intracellular malaria parasite, resulting in unaffected extracellular spirochetes and hosts that succumb to sepsis. Mixed infection also resulted in severe malaria anemia with low hemoglobin levels, even though the parasite counts were low. Overall, coinfected animals had a higher fatality rate and shorter time to death than those with either malaria or RF single infection. Furthermore, secondary malaria infection reactivated a quiescent RF brain infection, which is the first evidence of a clinically and biologically relevant cue for reactivation of RF Borrelia infection. Our study highlights the importance of investigating concomitant infections in vivo to elucidate the immune responses that are involved in the clinical outcome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.