ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2009
Noninvasive ultrasonic glucose sensing with large pigs (approximately 200 pounds) using a lightweight cymbal transducer array and biosensors.
Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Experimental and probabilistic model validation of ultrasonic MEMS transceiver for blood glucose sensing.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Real-Time Noninvasive Measurement of Glucose Concentration Using a Modified Hilbert Shaped Microwave Sensor.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Defining optimal permeant characteristics for ultrasound-mediated gastrointestinal delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2017Article
- Applicability and safety of dual-frequency ultrasonic treatment for the transdermal delivery of drugs.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2015Article
- Ultrasound-enhanced transdermal delivery: recent advances and future challenges.Therapeutic delivery · 2014Review
- Skin permeabilization for transdermal drug delivery: recent advances and future prospects.Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2014Review
- Ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug delivery: mechanisms, scope, and emerging trends.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2011Review
- Low-frequency sonophoresis: application to the transdermal delivery of macromolecules and hydrophilic drugs.Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2010Review
- Technologies for continuous glucose monitoring: current problems and future promises.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo prevent complications in diabetes, the proper management of blood glucose levels is essential. Since conventional glucose meters require pricking fingers or other areas of the skin, a noninvasive method for monitoring blood glucose levels is desired. Using a lightweight cymbal transducer array, this study was conducted to noninvasively determine the glucose levels of pigs having a similar size to humans.
methodIn vivo experiments using eight pigs (approximately 200 pounds) were performed in five groups. A cymbal array with four biosensors was attached to the axillary area of the pig. The array was operated at 20 kHz at special peak-temporal peak intensity (I(sptp)) equal to 50 or 100 mW/cm(2) for 5, 10, or 20 minutes. After the ultrasound exposure, glucose concentrations of the interstitial fluid were determined using biosensors. For comparison, glucose levels of blood samples collected from the ear vein were measured by a commercial glucose meter.
resultIn comparison, glucose levels determined by a cymbal array and biosensor system were close to those measured by a glucose meter. After a 20-minute ultrasound exposure at I(sptp) = 100 mW/cm(2), the average glucose level determined by the ultrasound system was 175 +/- 7 mg/dl, which is close to 166 +/- 5 mg/dl measured by the glucose meter.
conclusionResults indicate the feasibility of using a cymbal array for noninvasive glucose sensing on pigs having a similar size to humans. Further studies on the ultrasound conditions, such as frequency, intensity, and exposure time, will be continued for effective glucose sensing.
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