ReviewJournal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology2010
Freshwater elasmobranchs: a review of their physiology and biochemistry.
Review in Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Branchial localization of acid (A-type) and base (B-type) excreting ionocytes in Amazonian stenohaline freshwater Potamotrygon ray.Journal of fish biology · 2026Article
- First Chromosome-level Genome Assembly and Annotation of an Endangered Freshwater Stingray (Fontitrygon garouaensis) from Africa.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Extensive urine production in euryhaline red stingray for adaptation to hypoosmotic environments.iScience · 2025Article
- Teleostean fishes may have developed an efficient NaFrontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Molecular and morphological investigations on the renal mechanisms enabling euryhalinity of red stingrayFrontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Molecular characterization of two Rhesus glycoproteins from the euryhaline freshwater white-rimmed stingray, Himantura signifer, and changes in their transcript levels and protein abundance in the gills, kidney, and liver during brackish water acclimation.Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2017Article
- Talking to the dead: using Post-mortem data in the assessment of stress in tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) (Péron and Lesueur, 1822).Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2017Article
- DNA capture reveals transoceanic gene flow in endangered river sharks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- Chaperone roles for TMAO and HSP70 during hyposmotic stress in the spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias).Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2015Article
- Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis and Brackish Water Acclimation in the Euryhaline Freshwater White-Rimmed Stingray, Himantura signifer.PloS one · 2013Article
- Branchial Na(+):K(+):2Cl(-) cotransporter 1 and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase α-subunit in a brackish water-type ionocyte of the euryhaline freshwater white-rimmed stingray, Himantura signifer.Frontiers in physiology · 2013Article
- Evidence of a rudimentary colon in the elasmobranch, Leucoraja erinacea.Development genes and evolution · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Only 5% of elasmobranch species live in freshwater (FW) compared to more than 40% of known teleost species. The factors affecting the poor penetration of elasmobranchs into FW environments are currently unknown, however, an important consideration may be the high urea requirement of many proteins in marine elasmobranchs. Urea is an important osmolyte in marine elasmobranchs and must be reduced in dilute environments. There are three identifiable stages in the successful colonization of FW. The euryhaline marine species freely entering and leaving FW represent the initial stage of FW colonization. In this group, there is an apparent inability to eliminate all urea due to protein integrity issues and this results in energy and nitrogen losses that may constrain growth and reproduction. The second stage is represented by those species that live entirely in FW but must also retain some urea. This group also suffers from the same constraints as the first group. These two groups have kidneys and sensory organs that more closely resemble strictly marine forms. The third and final stage is represented by the Potamotrygonid stingrays where the need for urea in FW has been eliminated. Consequently nitrogen and energy losses are reduced and those sections of the kidney needed for urea conservation have been eliminated. The driving force for such modifications is a reduction in urea levels and the concomitant saving of energy needed for urea synthesis. Other physiological adaptations associated with survival in FW include giving birth to live young, the capacity of sperm to be activated in freshwater and modifications of the electrosensory system to function in a low conductivity environment. The need for many anatomical, metabolic and physiological modifications for FW existence may constrain the rapidity and hence the frequency of FW colonization, compared to the situation in the more advanced osmoregulating teleosts. Once optimally adapted to FW, recolonization of sea water by elasmobranchs is problematic due to the loss of urea synthetic capacity and renal structures for urea retention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.