ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2010
Tumor necrosis factor blockade and the risk of viral infection.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 195 citations in OpenAlex.
- Valganciclovir modulates the tumor necrosis factor axis molecules expression and CD4+ T-cell subsets in disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma patients.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Trial
- Long-Term Suppression of Circulating Proinflammatory Cytokines in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Following Autologous Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Effects of tofacitinib on lymphocyte sub-populations, CMV and EBV viral load in patients with plaque psoriasis.BMC dermatology · 2015Trial
- The molecular mechanism of the adverse effects of the biological and small molecular drugs in the therapy of inflammatory skin diseases - psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Collagen hybridizing peptide imaging and delivery of therapeutic antibody in rheumatoid arthritis models.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Glial Cell Dynamics in Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms, Interactions, and Therapeutic Implications.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms, Dual Roles, and Therapeutic Strategies in Neurological Disorders.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Acoustic percolation switches enable targeted drug delivery controlled by diagnostic ultrasound.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Splenic TNF-α signaling potentiates the innate-to-adaptive transition of antiviral NK cells.Immunity · 2025Article
- In situ blockade of TNF-TNFR2 axis via oncolytic adenovirus improves antitumor efficacy in solid tumors.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluation of dual pathogen recognition receptor agonists as adjuvants for respiratory syncytial virus - virus-like particles for pulmonary delivery.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle approaches for manipulating cytokine delivery and neutralization.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Cellular heterogeneity in TNF/TNFR1 signalling: live cell imaging of cell fate decisions in single cells.Cell death & disease · 2024Review
- Identification of CD8 T-cell dysfunction associated with symptoms in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and Long COVID and treatment with a nebulized antioxidant/anti-pathogen agent in a retrospective case series.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Human Papilloma Virus Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Immune System: Pathogenesis, Immunotherapy and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Understanding the Mode of Action of a Micro-Immunotherapy Formulation: Pre-Clinical Evidence from the Study of 2LEBVLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effect of curcumin on the expression of NOD2 receptor and pro-inflammatory cytokines in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2023Article
- Case report: Induction and maintenance of steroid-free remission with vedolizumab in a case of steroid-dependent autoimmune pancreatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers are widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Many studies have demonstrated an increased risk of opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis and fungal infection in patients treated with TNF blockers, which is thought to be related to the primary role of TNF both in host defense and in the immune response. Little is known, however, about the association between TNF blockade and the development of viral infection. Owing to the critical role of TNF in the control of viral infection, depletion of this cytokine with TNF blockers could facilitate the development or reactivation of viral infection. A number of large observational studies have found an increased risk of herpes zoster in patients receiving TNF blockers for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This Review draws attention to the risk of several viral infections, including HIV, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and human papillomavirus, in patients receiving TNF-blocking therapy for chronic inflammatory conditions. In addition, implications for clinical practice and possible preventative approaches are discussed.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.