ArticlePLoS pathogens2010
Immunoelectron microscopic evidence for Tetherin/BST2 as the physical bridge between HIV-1 virions and the plasma membrane.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidermal γδ T cells, CD8 T cells and macrophages are increased in number in alopecia areata and express BST2 as part of an interferon-driven antiviral gene signature.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Unphosphorylated STAT1 binds to the BST2 transcription promoter, promoting increased AKBA anchoring on HPMECs to alleviate ARDS.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antagonism of BST2/Tetherin, a new restriction factor of respiratory syncytial virus, requires the viral NS1 protein.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- HIV Infection: Shaping the Complex, Dynamic, and Interconnected Network of the Cytoskeleton.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Near-Native Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 Induced Membrane Remodeling and Virion Morphogenesis.Viruses · 2022Article
- Host Molecule Incorporation into HIV Virions, Potential Influences in HIV Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2022Review
- Substitutions in Nef That Uncouple Tetherin and SERINC5 Antagonism Impair Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in Primary Rhesus Macaque Lymphocytes.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Advances in HIV-1 Assembly.Viruses · 2022Review
- Article
- Review
- Imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells by helium ion microscopy.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2021Article
- Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2 is a Potential Unfavorable Prognostic Factor for High-Grade Glioma.OncoTargets and therapy · 2020Article
- Beyond Tethering the Viral Particles: Immunomodulatory Functions of Tetherin (DNA and cell biology · 2019Review
- Review
- Activation of the ILT7 receptor and plasmacytoid dendritic cell responses are governed by structurally-distinct BST2 determinants.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Article
- Distinct Requirements for HIV-1 Accessory Proteins during Cell Coculture and Cell-Free Infection.Viruses · 2019Article
- Review
- Polymorphisms in Rhesus Macaque Tetherin Are Associated with Differences in Acute Viremia in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ΔJournal of virology · 2018Article
- Limiting Respiratory Viral Infection by Targeting Antiviral and Immunological Functions of BST-2/Tetherin: Knowledge and Gaps.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2018Review
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tetherin/BST2 was identified in 2008 as the cellular factor responsible for restricting HIV-1 replication at a very late stage in the lifecycle. Tetherin acts to retain virion particles on the plasma membrane after budding has been completed. Infected cells that express large amounts of tetherin display large strings of HIV virions that remain attached to the plasma membrane. Vpu is an HIV-1 accessory protein that specifically counteracts the restriction to virus release contributed by tetherin. Tetherin is an unusual Type II transmembrane protein that contains a GPI anchor at its C-terminus and is found in lipid rafts. The leading model for the mechanism of action of tetherin is that it functions as a direct physical tether bridging virions and the plasma membrane. However, evidence that tetherin functions as a physical tether has thus far been indirect. Here we demonstrate by biochemical and immunoelectron microscopic methods that endogenous tetherin is present on the viral particle and forms a bridge between virion particles and the plasma membrane. Endogenous tetherin was found on HIV particles that were released by partial proteolytic digestion. Immunoelectron microscopy performed on HIV-infected T cells demonstrated that tetherin forms an apparent physical link between virions and connects patches of virions to the plasma membrane. Linear filamentous strands that were highly enriched in tetherin bridged the space between some virions. We conclude that tetherin is the physical tether linking HIV-1 virions and the plasma membrane. The presence of filaments with which multiple molecules of tetherin interact in connecting virion particles is strongly suggested by the morphologic evidence.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.