ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2010
Sickness behavior induced by endotoxin can be mitigated by the dietary soluble fiber, pectin, through up-regulation of IL-4 and Th2 polarization.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiota variations in depression and anxiety: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Gut microbes in cerebrovascular diseases: Gut flora imbalance, potential impact mechanisms and promising treatment strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- PHAGE Study: Effects of Supplemental Bacteriophage Intake on Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- The Metabolomic Mind: Microbial Metabolite Programming of Microglia.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2025Review
- Sugar-sweetened beverage but not diluted cloudy apple juice consumption induces post-prandial endotoxemia in healthy adults.NPJ science of food · 2024Article
- Biological Properties and Biomedical Applications of Pectin and Pectin-Based Composites: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Avenues within the gut-liver-brain axis linking chronic liver disease and symptoms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Nordic diet and its benefits in neurological function: a systematic review of observational and intervention studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Prophylactic Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Intestinal Microbiota and Behavior in Wild-Type and Zonulin Transgenic Mice.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Stressful events induce long-term gut microbiota dysbiosis and associated post-traumatic stress symptoms in healthcare workers fighting against COVID-19.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Article
- The Potential Utility of Prebiotics to Modulate Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of the Evidence.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Six-Minute Walking Test Performance Relates to Neurocognitive Abilities in Preschoolers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Gut microbiota as the key controllers of "healthy" aging of elderly people.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2021Review
- Dietary fibre and the gut-brain axis: microbiota-dependent and independent mechanisms of action.Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2021Review
- Bacteriophages in food supplements obtained from natural sources.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2020Article
- The Gut Microbiome as a Therapeutic Target for Cognitive Impairment.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2020Review
- Associations of dietary carbohydrate and fatty acid intakes with cognition among children.Public health nutrition · 2020Article
- Finding intestinal fortitude: Integrating the microbiome into a holistic view of depression mechanisms, treatment, and resilience.Neurobiology of disease · 2020Review
- Intake of Vegetables and Fruits Through Young Adulthood Is Associated with Better Cognitive Function in Midlife in the US General Population.The Journal of nutrition · 2019Article
- [Correlation between gut microbiota and behavior symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Peripheral activation of the immune system by infectious agents triggers the brain-cytokine system causing sickness behaviors which profoundly impact well-being. Dietary fiber is a beneficial foodstuff that, from a gastrointestinal tract perspective, exists in both insoluble and soluble forms. We show that a diet rich in soluble fiber protects mice from endotoxin-induced sickness behavior by polarizing mice Th2 when compared to a diet containing only insoluble fiber. Mice fed soluble fiber became less sick and recovered faster from endotoxin-induced sickness behaviors than mice fed insoluble fiber. In response to intraperitoneal endotoxin, mice fed soluble fiber had up-regulated IL-1RA and reduced IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in the brain as compared to mice fed insoluble fiber. Importantly, mice fed soluble fiber had a basal increase in IL-4 in the ileum and spleen which was absent in MyD88 knockout mice. Con-A stimulated splenocytes from mice fed soluble fiber showed increased IL-4 and IL-5 and decreased IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-gamma when compared to mice fed insoluble fiber. Likewise, endotoxin-stimulated macrophages from mice fed soluble fiber demonstrated decreased IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-12 and nitrate and increased IL-1RA, arginase 1 and Ym1 when compared to mice fed insoluble fiber. Finally, the behavioral protection afforded by feeding mice soluble fiber was reduced in IL-4 knockout mice, as was the impact of soluble fiber on Con-A stimulated splenocytes and endotoxin activated macrophages. These data show that a diet rich in soluble fiber protects against endotoxin-induced sickness behavior by polarizing mice Th2 and promoting alternative activation of macrophages.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.