ArticleBrain research2010
Cocoa-enriched diets enhance expression of phosphatases and decrease expression of inflammatory molecules in trigeminal ganglion neurons.
Article in Brain research, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Explorative Analysis of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Intestinal Barrier Protective Effects of In Vitro Digested Chickpea- and Dark Chocolate-Based Snack: Insights from Caco-2 and THP-1 Cell Models.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Dietary Patterns and Migraine: Insights and Impact.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Benefit of Dietary Supplementation of Nutraceuticals as an Integrative Approach for Management of Migraine: Evidence From Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Current pain and headache reports · 2024Review
- Method for cryopreservation of trigeminal ganglion for establishing primary cultures of neurons and glia.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2024Article
- All Roads Lead to the Gut: The Importance of the Microbiota and Diet in Migraine.Neurology international · 2023Review
- Review
- Theobroma cacao improves bone growth by modulating defective ciliogenesis in a mouse model of achondroplasia.Bone research · 2022Article
- Cacao powder supplementation attenuates oxidative stress, cholinergic impairment, and apoptosis in D-galactose-induced aging rat brain.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- A Bidirectional View of Migraine and Diet Relationship.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2021Review
- Neuroprotective Effect of Enriched Chicken Bone Broth as a Dietary Supplement in a Model of Migraine Mediated by Early Life Stress.Journal of medicinal food · 2020Article
- Migraine and Diet.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Effects of Cocoa: A Review on Future Perspectives in Treatment of Pain.Pain and therapy · 2020Review
- Review
- The effect of natural products in animal models of temporomandibular disorders.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2020Article
- Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: Progress and Perspective.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Flavonoids: Possible Induction of T CD4+ Regulatory Cells Through Suppression of mTOR Pathway Signaling Activity.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Enriched Chicken Bone Broth as a Dietary Supplement Reduces Nociception and Sensitization Associated with Prolonged Jaw Opening.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2018Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits trigeminal nociception in a rodent model of episodic migraine.Pain reports · 2017Article
- Effects of cocoa-enriched diet on orofacial pain in a murine model.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2017Article
- Impact of Food Components on in vitro Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Secretion-A Potential Mechanism for Dietary Influence on Migraine.Nutrients · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Activation of trigeminal nerves and release of neuropeptides that promote inflammation are implicated in the underlying pathology of migraine and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. The overall response of trigeminal nerves to peripheral inflammatory stimuli involves a balance between enzymes that promote inflammation, kinases, and those that restore homeostasis, phosphatases. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of a cocoa-enriched diet on the expression of key inflammatory proteins in trigeminal ganglion neurons under basal and inflammatory conditions. Rats were fed a control diet or an isocaloric diet enriched in cocoa for 14days prior to an injection of noxious stimuli to cause acute or chronic excitation of trigeminal neurons. In animals fed a cocoa-enriched diet, basal levels of the mitogen-activated kinase (MAP) phosphatases MKP-1 and MKP-3 were elevated in neurons. Importantly, the stimulatory effects of acute or chronic peripheral inflammation on neuronal expression of the MAPK p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) were significantly repressed in response to cocoa. Similarly, dietary cocoa significantly suppressed basal neuronal expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) as well as stimulated levels of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), proteins implicated in the underlying pathology of migraine and TMJ disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that a dietary supplement can cause upregulation of MKP, and that cocoa can prevent inflammatory responses in trigeminal ganglion neurons. Furthermore, our data provide evidence that cocoa contains biologically active compounds that would be beneficial in the treatment of migraine and TMJ disorders.
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