ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2010
Agmatidine, a modified cytidine in the anticodon of archaeal tRNA(Ile), base pairs with adenosine but not with guanosine.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
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77 citing papers in PubMed, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Beyond the Sequence: Chemical and Topological Design and Innovations in mRNA Therapeutics.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Uridines Modified with Sulfur or Selenium in U-G Wobble Pairs Matter for tRNA Function.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Archaeal RNA processing and regulation: expanding the functional landscape.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Connecting tRNA Charging and Decoding through the Axis of Nucleotide Modifications at Position 37.Journal of molecular biology · 2025Review
- A tRNA modification with aminovaleramide facilitates AUA decoding in protein synthesis.Nature chemical biology · 2025Article
- Distal Domains of the Bacterial-Exclusive Wobble-Modifying Enzyme TilS Contribute to Catalysis.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Chemical Evolution of Life on Earth.Genes · 2025Review
- Structures of the ribosome bound to EF-Tu-isoleucine tRNA elucidate the mechanism of AUG avoidance.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2024Article
- Detection technologies for RNA modifications.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2022Review
- "Superwobbling" and tRNA-34 Wobble and tRNA-37 Anticodon Loop Modifications in Evolution and Devolution of the Genetic Code.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The expanding world of tRNA modifications and their disease relevance.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2021Review
- Evolution of the genetic code.Transcription · 2021Review
- The nature of the modification at position 37 of tRNAPhe correlates with acquired taxol resistance.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Locating chemical modifications in RNA sequences through ribonucleases and LC-MS based analysis.Methods in enzymology · 2021Article
- Characterization of the Exometabolome ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- On the Track of the Missing tRNA Genes: A Source of Non-Canonical Functions?Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- Comparative patterns of modified nucleotides in individual tRNA species from a mesophilic and two thermophilic archaea.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Modification of the cytidine in the first anticodon position of the AUA decoding tRNA(Ile) (tRNA2(Ile)) of bacteria and archaea is essential for this tRNA to read the isoleucine codon AUA and to differentiate between AUA and the methionine codon AUG. To identify the modified cytidine in archaea, we have purified this tRNA species from Haloarcula marismortui, established its codon reading properties, used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to map RNase A and T1 digestion products onto the tRNA, and used LC-MS/MS to sequence the oligonucleotides in RNase A digests. These analyses revealed that the modification of cytidine in the anticodon of tRNA2(Ile) adds 112 mass units to its molecular mass and makes the glycosidic bond unusually labile during mass spectral analyses. Accurate mass LC-MS and LC-MS/MS analysis of total nucleoside digests of the tRNA2(Ile) demonstrated the absence in the modified cytidine of the C2-oxo group and its replacement by agmatine (decarboxy-arginine) through a secondary amine linkage. We propose the name agmatidine, abbreviation C(+), for this modified cytidine. Agmatidine is also present in Methanococcus maripaludis tRNA2(Ile) and in Sulfolobus solfataricus total tRNA, indicating its probable occurrence in the AUA decoding tRNA(Ile) of euryarchaea and crenarchaea. The identification of agmatidine shows that bacteria and archaea have developed very similar strategies for reading the isoleucine codon AUA while discriminating against the methionine codon AUG.
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