ArticlePsychiatry research2010
Analysis of peripheral immune activation in schizophrenia using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Article in Psychiatry research, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal investigation of the T helper (Th)1-Th2 balance and complement system in clinical high risk for psychosis cohort.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Aberrant Expression of TH2LCRR and GATA3 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Acute-Phase Schizophrenia: Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Study.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Autistic Traits in Schizophrenia: Immune Mechanisms and Inflammatory Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in patients with schizophrenia.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Concordance of Immune-Related Markers in Lymphocytes and Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2021Article
- Cytokine Imbalance in Schizophrenia. From Research to Clinic: Potential Implications for Treatment.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Biomarkers in schizophrenia: A focus on blood based diagnostics and theranostics.World journal of psychiatry · 2016Review
- Vitamin D in schizophrenia: a clinical review.Evidence-based mental health · 2016Review
- Genetic Variants of Interleukin-10 Gene Promoter are Associated with Schizophrenia in Saudi Patients: A Case-Control Study.North American journal of medical sciences · 2014Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune system abnormalities in schizophrenia include a shift from a Type 1 (cellular) to a Type 2 (humoral) immune response. To characterize the activation status of the immune system in schizophrenia, we examined the pattern of gene expression in peripheral blood cells for three Th1 cytokines (interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2)), and one Th2 cytokine (interleukin-10 (IL-10)). In a cross-sectional study, we used quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to compare the mRNA levels of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, and IL-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) between 15 schizophrenia patients and 15 matched healthy controls. Expression of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha was significantly reduced in patients with schizophrenia compared with normal controls. No differences in IL-2 and IL-10 gene expression were observed. These results are consistent with impaired Type 1 cellular immunity in schizophrenia. While the data illustrate the potential utility of mRNA-based approaches for the identification and analysis of immune biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders, correlation of gene expression with direct measures of cytokine concentrations is required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.