Is smoking a risk factor for influenza hospitalization and death?

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

1. Deep Breaths: A Systematic Review of the Potential Effects of Employment in the Nuclear Industry on Mortality from Non-Malignant Respiratory Disease.Radiation research · 2022
   Pooled it
2. Prevalence and predictors of acute respiratory infection among children under-five years in Tigray regional state, northern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023
   Article
3. Effect of Annual Influenza Vaccination on the Risk of Lung Cancer Among Patients With Hypertension: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan.International journal of public health · 2023
   Article
4. ASSOCIATION OF SMOKING AND SEVERITY OF COVID-19 INFECTION AMONG 5,889 PATIENTS IN MALAYSIA: A MULTI-CENTER OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022
   Observational
5. Role of Annual Influenza Vaccination against Lung Cancer in Type 2 Diabetic Patients from a Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021
   Article
6. Clinical characteristics and outcomes during a severe influenza season in China during 2017-2018.BMC infectious diseases · 2019
   Article
7. Influenza B associated paediatric acute respiratory infection hospitalization in central vietnam.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2019
   Article
8. Impact of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on the Lung Fibroblastic Response after Influenza Pneumonia.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2018
   Article
9. A case-control study of risk factors for death from 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1): is American Indian racial status an independent risk factor?Epidemiology and infection · 2016
   Article
10. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cigarette smoke exposure and influenza A virus infection-induced lung injury.PloS one · 2015
    Article
11. Pulmonary cytokine composition differs in the setting of alcohol use disorders and cigarette smoking.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2013
    Article
12. Epidemiology of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09-associated deaths in the United States, September-October 2009.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2012
    Article

Corrections and comments

• Comment on
  Viral loads and duration of viral shedding in adult patients hospitalized with influenza.2009

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as