ArticlePloS one2010
Bacterial pneumonia among HIV-infected patients: decreased risk after tobacco smoking cessation. ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort, 2000-2007.
Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Qualitative Systematic Review of Cigarette Smoking Cessation Interventions for Persons Living with HIV.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2019Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Tobacco Use Among Persons Living With HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Pooled it
- Safety of varenicline among smokers enrolled in the lung HIV study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2013Trial
- Effect of Prevalent and Incident Comorbidity Diagnoses on Quit Attempts and Prescription of Smoking Cessation Medications, HIV Outpatient Study, 2007-2022.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Pathogen spectrum of community acquired pneumonia in people living with HIV (PLWH) in the German CAPNETZ-Cohort.Infection · 2024Article
- HIV-associated lung disease.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Practices, attitudes, and confidence related to tobacco treatment interventions in HIV clinics: a multisite cross-sectional survey.Translational behavioral medicine · 2022Article
- Self-control and smoking in a sample of adults living with HIV/AIDS: A cross-sectional survey.Addictive behaviors · 2021Article
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in HIV.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2021Review
- Incidence and Risk Factors for Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Community-acquired Pneumonia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals in a High-income Setting.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Species, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Bacterial Isolates from HIV-Infected Patients Suspected to Have Pneumonia in Mekelle Zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.BioMed research international · 2019Article
- Article
- Immunological and infectious risk factors for lung cancer in US veterans with HIV: a longitudinal cohort study.The lancet. HIV · 2017Article
- Smoking Cessation for People Living With HIV/AIDS: A Literature Review and Synthesis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Review
- Exploring Issues of Comorbid Conditions in People Who Smoke.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Review
- Adherence to Tobacco Dependence Treatment Among HIV-Infected Smokers.AIDS and behavior · 2016Article
- Incidence and Risk Factors for Severe Bacterial Infections in People Living with HIV. ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort, 2000-2012.PloS one · 2016Article
- The aetiology and antibiotic management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in Europe: a literature review.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2014Review
- Community-Acquired Pneumonia in HIV-Infected Individuals.Current infectious disease reports · 2014Article
- Factors associated with tobacco smoking and cessation among HIV-infected individuals under care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.PloS one · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBacterial pneumonia is still a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients in the era of combination Antiretroviral Therapy. The benefit of tobacco withdrawal on the risk of bacterial pneumonia has not been quantified in such populations, exposed to other important risk factors such as HIV-related immunodeficiency. Our objective was to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking withdrawal on the risk of bacterial pneumonia among HIV-infected individuals. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsPatients of the ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort with >or= two visits during 2000-2007 and without bacterial pneumonia at the first visit were included. Former smokers were patients who stopped smoking since >or= one year. We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted on CD4+ lymphocytes (CD4), gender, age, HIV transmission category, antiretroviral therapy, cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, statin treatment, viral load and previous AIDS diagnosis. 135 cases of bacterial pneumonia were reported in 3336 patients, yielding an incidence of 12 per thousand patient-years. The adjusted hazard of bacterial pneumonia was lower in former smokers (Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.48; P = 0.02) and never smokers (HR: 0.50; P = 0.01) compared to current smokers. It was higher in patients with <200 CD4 cells/microL and in those with 200 to 349 CD4 cells/microL (HR: 2.98 and 1.98, respectively; both P<0.01), but not in those with 350 to 499 CD4 cells/microL (HR: 0.93; P = 0.79), compared to those with >or=500 CD4 cells/microL. The interaction between CD4 cell count and tobacco smoking status was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Smoking cessation dramatically reduces the risk of bacterial pneumonia, whatever the level of immunodeficiency. Smoking cessation interventions should become a key element of the clinical management of HIV-infected individuals.
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