ArticleJournal of the American Veterinary Medical Association2010
Efficacy of leflunomide for treatment of immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs: 14 cases (2006-2008).
Article in Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retrospective evaluation of leflunomide as second-line immunosuppressive therapy in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin: 18 cases (2018-2025).Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Case Report: Complete MRI-confirmed remission of presumptive meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in a Chihuahua using a steroid-free combination of leflunomide and mycophenolate mofetil.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Acquired Myasthenia Gravis in a Juvenile Australian Shepherd Dog and Efficacy of Leflunomide Treatment.Case reports in veterinary medicine · 2025Article
- Case Report: Fatal presumptive idiosyncratic hepatic necrosis secondary to standard-dose leflunomide administration in a dog.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Treatment with Leflunomide in Conjunction with Glucocorticoids for Dogs with Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis Is Not Associated with Improved Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 93 Dogs from Australia (2017-2024).Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Investigation of side effects to treatment and cause of death in 63 Scandinavian dogs suffering from meningoencephalitis of unknown origin: a retrospective study.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2023Article
- Feline non-erosive immune-mediated polyarthritis: a multicentre, retrospective study of 20 cases (2009-2020).Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2022Article
- A retrospective study of adverse effects of mycophenolate mofetil administration to dogs with immune-mediated disease.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
- Comparison of the efficacy of cyclosporine and leflunomide in treating inflammatory colorectal polyps in miniature dachshunds.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2020Article
- Epidemiology and clinical management of elbow joint disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK.Canine medicine and genetics · 2020Article
- Pharmacodynamic assessment ofCanadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire · 2019Article
- ACVIM consensus statement on the treatment of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2019Article
- A Retrospective Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Leflunomide in Dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2017Article
- Clinical features and pathological joint changes in dogs with erosive immune-mediated polyarthritis: 13 cases (2004-2012).Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · 2016Article
- Efficacy of leflunomide for treatment of refractory inflammatory colorectal polyps in 15 Miniature Dachshunds.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2016Article
- Synovial fluid total protein concentration as a possible marker for canine idiopathic polyarthritis.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2016Article
- In-vitro immunosuppression of canine T-lymphocyte-specific proliferation with dexamethasone, cyclosporine, and the active metabolites of azathioprine and leflunomide in a flow-cytometric assay.Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire · 2014Article
- Descriptive Analysis and Factors Associated With Relapse in Dogs With Presumptive Idiopathic Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
- Immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs: Are corticosteroids the best bet?Veterinary evidenceReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate efficacy and adverse effects of leflunomide for the treatment of naturally occurring immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) in dogs.
designRetrospective case series. ANIMALS: 14 dogs with cytologically confirmed IMPA. PROCEDURES: Medical records were used to identify dogs with a diagnosis of IMPA that were treated with leflunomide. Signalment, radiographic findings, laboratory data, dosage of leflunomide, treatment duration, treatment response, and occurrence of adverse effects were determined from medical records.
resultsMean +/- SD initial dosage of leflunomide was 3.0 +/- 0.5 mg/kg (1.4 +/- 0.2 mg/lb) PO once daily. Treatment duration for the initial starting dosage ranged from 1 to 6 weeks. Of the 14 dogs treated with leflunomide, 8 had complete resolution of clinical signs of IMPA initially, 5 had partial response to treatment, and 1 had minimal response to treatment. Adverse effects from treatment with leflunomide were not observed during the treatment period. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Oral administration of leflunomide was a safe and effective alternative to oral administration of corticosteroids for treatment of IMPA in dogs. On the basis of findings in this study, a starting dosage for leflunomide of 3 to 4 mg/kg (1.4 to 1.8 mg/lb) PO once daily for at least 6 weeks before making dose adjustments is recommended. Dose adjustments should be based on cytologic evaluation of synovial fluid and clinical signs of IMPA. Hematologic variables, serum biochemical analysis results, and clinical signs of IMPA should be monitored for evidence of adverse effects to treatment with leflunomide.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.